MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (LAB) Flashcards
1
Q
Production of sperm and male sex hormone
A
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
2
Q
Transport, store, and assists in maturation of sperm
A
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
2
Q
Ejaculation and Urination
A
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
3
Q
ORGANS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
DUCTS: epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts,
and urethra
A
TESTES
3
Q
ORGANS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SUPPORTING STRUCTURES: scrotum and penis
A
TESTES
3
Q
ORGANS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS: seminal vesicles, prostate, and
bulbourethral glands
A
TESTES
3
Q
ORGANS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MUSCULAR COMPONENT
Dartos Muscle
Cremaster muscle
A
SCROTUM
3
Q
ORGANS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TESTES
White fibrous capsule made up of dense irregular connective tissue Forming the septa which divides
testis into lobules
A
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
3
Q
ORGANS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
INTERNAL ANATOMY
Two sacs, each containing a
single testis, formed by the
scrotal septum
A
SCROTUM
3
Q
involves the maturation of spermatids into sperm.
A
Spermiogenesis
3
Q
ORGANS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TESTES
Serous membrane derived from the peritoneum and forms during the descent of the testes
▪ Partially covers the testes
A
TUNICA VAGINALIS
4
Q
ORGANS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EXTERNAL ANATOMY
Raphe
A
SCROTUM
4
Q
consists of loose skin and an underlying subcutaneous layer and supports the testes.
A
SCROTUM
4
Q
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE
2 TYPES OF CELL
“Sertoli Cells”
A
Sustentacular Cells
4
Q
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE
2 TYPES OF CELL
“Leydig cells”
A
Interstitial cells
5
Q
Diploid cells (2n) have __ chromosomes
A
46
6
Q
SPERMATOGENESIS
- Remain near the basement membrane
- undergo developmental
A
SPERMATOGONIA (2n)
6
Q
haploid cells (n) have __ chromosomes.
A
23
6
Q
SPERMATOGENESIS
Where meiosis begin
A
PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE (2n)
7
Q
SPERMATOGENESIS
- still part of meiosis
A
SECONDARY SPERMATOCYTE (n)
7
Q
SPERMATOGENESIS
- Beginning of spermiogenesis
A
SPERMATIDS
8
Q
SPERMATOGENESIS
after SPERMATIDS
A
SPERMATOZOA
9
Q
SPERM
MAJOR PARTS:
- Nucleus
- Acrosome
A
HEAD
10
Q
Release of FSH is stimulated by GnRH and inhibited by _____
A
inhibin
10
About ____ sperm mature each day
300 million
10
SPERM
MAJOR PARTS:
- Neck
- Midpiece
- Principal piece
- End piece
TAIL
11
* Male pattern of development (before birth)
* Enlargement of male sex organs and expression of male secondary sex characteristics (starting at puberty)
* Anabolism (protein synthesis)
testosterone
11
release of LH is stimulated by GnRH and inhibited by _____
testosterone
12
Paired oval glands surrounded by the scrotum
TESTES
12
Site of sperm production
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
13
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
2 TYPES OF CELLS:
▪ Sperm-forming cells (puberty)
▪ Derived from primordial germ cells
▪ More mature forms towards the lumen
Spermatogenic Cells (Spermatogonia)
13
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
2 TYPES OF CELLS:
1. Primary spermatocyte
2. Secondary spermatocyte
3. Spermatids
4. Sperm Cells/ Spermatozoon
Spermatogenic Cells (Spermatogonia)
14
SCROTUM
Two sacs, each containing a single testis, formed by the
scrotal septum
Internal Anatomy
14
SCROTUM
Single pouch of skin separated into lateral portions by a
midline known as raphe
External Anatomy
14
SCROTUM
Single pouch of skin separated into lateral portions by a
midline known as
RAPHE
14
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Pressure generated by the fluid secreted by sustentacular cells pushes sperm and fluid
along the lumen of seminiferous tubules and then into a series of very short ducts called
straight tubules
14
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
2 TYPES OF CELLS:
▪ Supporting cells
▪ Nourish spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoon
▪ Phagocytize excess spermatid cytoplasm as development occurs
▪ Control movements of spermatogenic cells
▪ Release of sperm into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
▪ Forms obstructions knows as the blood-testis barrier
▪ Produce fluid for sperm transport
▪ Secrete hormone inhibin and regulate the effects of testosterone and FS
Sertoli cells (Sustentacular cells)
14
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The straight tubules lead to a network of ducts in the testis called the
rete testis
14
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
From the rete testis, sperm move into a series of coiled_______ in the epididymis that empty into
a single tube called the ductus epididymis
efferent ducts
15
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
From the rete testis, sperm move into a series of coiled efferent ducts in the epididymis that empty into
a single tube called the ____
ductus epididymis
15
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Comma-shaped organ found along the posterior border of each testis
EPIDIDYMIS
15
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Function:
o Site of sperm maturation
o Helps propel sperm into ductus(vas) deferens
o Stores sperm for several months
EPIDIDYMIS
15
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Parts:
o Head (Superior): larger portion contains the Ductus epididymis
o Body: Narrow midportion of the epididymis
o Tail (Inferior): Continues as Ductus (vas) deferens
EPIDIDYMIS
15
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EPIDIDYMIS
Parts:
larger portion contains the Ductus epididymis
HEAD (SUPERIOR)
16
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EPIDIDYMIS
Parts:
Narrow midportion of the epididymis
BODY
17
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EPIDIDYMIS
Parts:
Continues as Ductus (vas) deferens
TAIL (INFERIOR)
18
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Histology
o Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
o Smooth muscle layer
o Connective tissue layer
o Attaches the loops of the ductus epididymis and carries blood vessels and nerves
EPIDIDYMIS (Ductus epididymis)
18
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
* Ascends along the posterior border of the epididymis through the spermatic cord and then enters the pelvic cavity
* Loops over the ureter and passes over the side and down the surface of the urinary bladder
* Dilated terminal portion: Ampulla
DUCTUS (VAS) DEFERENS
18
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
DUCTUS (VAS) DEFERENS
Dilated terminal portion:
AMPULLA
18
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Layers
o Mucosa: Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
o Muscularis: Inner longitudinal, Middle circular and Outer longitudinal
DUCTUS (VAS) DEFERENS
18
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
DUCTUS (VAS) DEFERENS
LAYERS
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Mucosa
19
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
DUCTUS (VAS) DEFERENS
LAYERS
Inner longitudinal, Middle circular and Outer longitudinal
Muscularis
20
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Supporting structure that ascends out of the scrotum
SPERMATIC CORD
20
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Consists of:
o Ductus(vas) deferens
o Testicular blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves
o Cremaster muscle
SPERMATIC CORD
21
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SPERMATIC CORD
▪ Inguinal canal: passageway of spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve
▪ Terminal points
Cremaster muscle
21
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SPERMATIC CORD
Cremaster muscle:
_________: passageway of spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve
Inguinal canal
21
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SPERMATIC CORD
Cremaster muscle:
__________: Slit-like opening in the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis muscle
Deep (abdominal) inguinal ring
22
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SPERMATIC CORD
Cremaster muscle: Triangular opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
Superficial (subcutaneous) inguinal ring
23
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Formed by the union of the duct from seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the ductus
(vas) deferens
EJACULATORY DUCTS
23
DUCTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Terminate in the prostatic urethra
EJACULATORY DUCTS
23
ACCESSORY GLANDS
* Convoluted pouch- like structures
* Posterior to the base of the urinary bladder and anterior to rectum
* Seminal Fluid contributes 60% of the volume of semen
* Alkaline in nature
SEMINAL VESICLES/ SEMINAL GLANDS
24
ACCESSORY GLANDS
* Composition: (Seminal Fluid)
- Fructose
- Prostaglandins
- Clotting proteins
SEMINAL VESICLES/ SEMINAL GLANDS
24
ACCESSORY GLANDS
* Inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra
* Make up about 25% of the total volume of semen
PROSTATE GLAND
24
ACCESSORY GLANDS
* Make up about 25% of the total volume of semen
- Citric acid
- Proteolytic enzymes: Lysozyme, Amylase, and Hyaluronidase
- Acid phosphatase
- Seminal plasmin
PROSTATE GLAND
24
ACCESSORY GLANDS
* Inferior to the prostate on either side of the membranous urethra within the deep
muscles of the perineum
* Ducts open into the spongy urethra
* Make up about 5% of total volume of the semen
* Alkaline fluid and mucus
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS/ COWPER’S GLANDS
24
PENIS
* SUPPORTIVE FRAMEWORK:
arises from the inferior part of the linea alba
Fundiform Ligament
24
PENIS
* SUPPORTIVE FRAMEWORK:
arises from the pubic symphysis
Suspensory Ligament
24
PENIS
* ANATOMIC PARTS:
o Composed of cylindrical tissue:
- Corpora Cavernosa:
▪ 2 dorsolateral masses
- Corpus Spongiosum Penis
▪ Smaller midventral mass
containing spongy urethra and
keeps it open during
ejaculation
BODY OF THE PENIS
25
PENIS
* ANATOMIC PARTS:
A. BODY OF THE PENIS
o Composed of cylindrical tissue:
2 dorsolateral masses
Corpora Cavernosa
25
PENIS
* ANATOMIC PARTS:
A. BODY OF THE PENIS
o Composed of cylindrical tissue:
▪ Smaller midventral mass
containing spongy urethra and
keeps it open during
ejaculation
Corpus Spongiosum Penis
25
PENIS
* ANATOMIC PARTS:
Coverings:
- Tunica albuginea
- Subcutaneous layer
- Skin
BODY OF THE PENIS
26
PENIS
* ANATOMIC PARTS:
A. BODY OF THE PENIS
- Composed of numerous blood
sinuses (vascular spaces)
- Lined by endothelial cells
- Surrounded by smooth muscle and
elastic connective tissue
Erectile tissue
26
PENIS
* ANATOMIC PARTS:
o Slightly enlarged, acorn-shaped
o Margin: Corona
o Contains distal urethra which enlarges and forms a slit-like opening, the external
urethral orifice
GLANS PENIS
27
PENIS
* ANATOMIC PARTS:
B. GLANS PENIS
Contains _____ which enlarges and forms a slit-like opening, the external urethral orifice
distal urethra
27
PENIS
* ANATOMIC PARTS:
B. GLANS PENIS
Contains distal urethra which enlarges and forms a slit-like opening, the ________
external urethral orifice
27
PENIS
* ANATOMIC PARTS:
o Covered by the loosely fitting prepuce or foreskin
GLANS PENIS
28
PENIS
* ANATOMIC PARTS:
o Attached portion
o 2 parts
ROOT
29
PENIS
* ANATOMIC PARTS:
ROOT
2 PARTS:
o Continuation of the base of the corpus spongiosum penis
o Enclosed by the bulbospongiosus muscle
Bulb of the penis
29
PENIS
* ANATOMIC PARTS:
ROOT
2 PARTS:
o Two separated and tapered portions of the corpora cavernosa penis
o Surrounded by the ischiocavernosus muscle
Crura of the penis
30
PENIS
* ANATOMIC PARTS:
2 parts
a. Bulb of the penis
o Continuation of the base of the corpus spongiosum penis
o Enclosed by the bulbospongiosus muscle
b. Crura of the penis
o Two separated and tapered portions of the corpora cavernosa penis
o Surrounded by the ischiocavernosus muscle
ROOT
31
composition
- SPERMATOZOA 5%
- SEMINAL FLUID 60%-70%
- PROSTATE FLUID 20%-30%
- BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS 5%
SEMEN
32
Semen composition
SPERMATOZOA
5%
33
Semen composition
SEMINAL FLUID
60-70%
34
Semen composition
PROSTATE FLUID
20-30%
35
Semen composition
BULBOURETHRAL GLAND
5%
35
SEMEN COAGULATION:
5 MINS
35
SEMEN RELIQUEFACTION (PSA AND Proteolytic enzyme):
10-20 MINS
35
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Sexual intercourse
COITUS
35
DEFINITION OF TERMS
a persistent and usually painful erection of the penis that does
not involve sexual desire or excitement.
PRIAPISM
36
DEFINITION OF TERMS
the powerful release of semen from the urethra to the exterior.
EJACULATION
37
DEFINITION OF TERMS
ejaculation that occurs too early, for example, during foreplay or on or shortly after penetration.
PREMATURE EJACULATION
38
DEFINITION OF TERMS
- the consistent inability of an adult male to ejaculate or to attain or
hold an erection long enough for sexual intercourse.
ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
