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2020 MHS Physiology unit 3 > Male reproductive system Histology > Flashcards

Male reproductive system Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Label the structures of the testes

A
  1. site of sperm production
  2. site of endocrine glands
    1. testosterone synthesis, storage and secretion
  3. structure
    1. oval, 4cm long and 3cm thick
    2. layers
      1. ​tunica albuginea
        1. ​dense irregular collagenous connecitve tissue capsule
        2. each teste has its own tunica albuginea
        3. mediastinum testes
          1. thickened posterior portion of tunica albuginea
          2. possess rete testis
            1. a series of spaces that act as a conduit for passage of sperm
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2
Q

What is the dense irregular collagenous connnective tissue capsule that envelopes each teste?

A
  1. site of sperm production
  2. site of endocrine glands
    1. testosterone synthesis, storage and secretion
  3. structure
    1. oval, 4cm long and 3cm thick
    2. layers
      1. ​tunica albuginea
        1. ​dense irregular collagenous connecitve tissue capsule
        2. each teste has its own tunica albuginea
        3. mediastinum testes
          1. thickened posterior portion of tunica albuginea
          2. possess rete testis
            1. a series of spaces that act as a conduit for passage of sperm
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3
Q

series of spaces that act as a conduit for passage of sperm. Describe the route from synthesis-> vas deferens.

A
  1. site of sperm production
  2. site of endocrine glands
    1. testosterone synthesis, storage and secretion
  3. structure
    1. oval, 4cm long and 3cm thick
    2. layers
      1. ​tunica albuginea
        1. ​dense irregular collagenous connecitve tissue capsule
        2. each teste has its own tunica albuginea
        3. mediastinum testes
          1. thickened posterior portion of tunica albuginea
          2. possess rete testis
            1. a series of spaces that act as a conduit for passage of sperm
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4
Q

250 of these are found in each testes. subdivisions of connective tissue septa that radiate from the mediastinum testis

A

testes with seminiferous tubules

  1. testicular lobules
    1. each testes has ~250 lobules
    2. subdivisions of testes formed of connective tissue septa that radiate from mediastinum testis
  2. seminferous tubules
    1. fill each lobule and are the site of spermatozoa production
    2. each lobule may have 1-4 seminiferous tubules
  3. myeloid cells and fibroblasts
    1. present in the connective tissue wall of each seminiferous tubule
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5
Q

fill each testicular lobule and are the site of spermatozoa production

A

testes with seminiferous tubules

  1. testicular lobules
    1. each testes has ~250 lobules
    2. subdivisions of testes formed of connective tissue septa that radiate from mediastinum testis
  2. seminferous tubules
    1. fill each lobule and are the site of spermatozoa production
    2. each lobule may have 1-4 seminiferous tubules
  3. myeloid cells and fibroblasts
    1. present in the connective tissue wall of each seminiferous tubule
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6
Q

present in the connective tissue wall of each seminiferous tubule

A

testes with seminiferous tubules

  1. testicular lobules
    1. each testes has ~250 lobules
    2. subdivisions of testes formed of connective tissue septa that radiate from mediastinum testis
  2. seminferous tubules
    1. fill each lobule and are the site of spermatozoa production
    2. each lobule may have 1-4 seminiferous tubules
  3. myeloid cells and fibroblasts
    1. present in the connective tissue wall of each seminiferous tubule
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7
Q

What is seen, with respect to layers, with a cross section of the seminiferous tubule?

A
  1. seminiferous epithelium is responsible for sperm production
  2. when a seminiferoud tubule is viewed in cross section, developing germ cells are arranged in different stages of development
    1. youngest cells
      1. developmental lineage comprise the basal layer of cells (outermost layer)
    2. mature germ cells
      1. in the luminal compartment of the tubule
        1. nearest the center
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8
Q

Explain the outermost layer of cells in the seminiferous tubule.

A
  1. seminiferous epithelium is responsible for sperm production
  2. when a seminiferoud tubule is viewed in cross section, developing germ cells are arranged in different stages of development
    1. youngest cells
      1. developmental lineage comprise the basal layer of cells (outermost layer)
    2. mature germ cells
      1. in the luminal compartment of the tubule
        1. nearest the center
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9
Q

What type of germ cells are in the ad luminal compartment?

A
  1. seminiferous epithelium is responsible for sperm production
  2. when a seminiferoud tubule is viewed in cross section, developing germ cells are arranged in different stages of development
    1. youngest cells
      1. developmental lineage comprise the basal layer of cells (outermost layer)
    2. mature germ cells
      1. in the luminal compartment of the tubule
        1. nearest the center
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10
Q

what are the phases of spermatogenesis? Describe them

A
  1. spermatogenesis
    1. process by which mature spermatozoa are formed from the immature diploid spermatogonia
    2. divided into three phases, during which different sybtypes are formed as cells undergo mitosis
      1. spermatocytogenesis
        1. formation of primary spermaocyes via differentiation and mitosis of spermatogonia
      2. meiosis
        1. ​reduction division of diploid spermatocytes resulting in haploid spermatids (both number and DNA content)
      3. differentiation or spermiogenesis
        1. ​an elaborate differentiation process whereby mature spermatozoa are formed from spermatids NO CELL DIVISIONS ARE INVOLVED
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11
Q

process by which mature spermatozoa are formed from the immature diploid spermatogonia

A
  1. spermatogenesis
    1. process by which mature spermatozoa are formed from the immature diploid spermatogonia
    2. divided into three phases, during which different sybtypes are formed as cells undergo mitosis
      1. spermatocytogenesis
      2. meiosis
      3. differentiation or spermiogenesis
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12
Q

formation of primary spermatocytes via differentiation and mitosis of spermatogonia

A
  1. spermatocytogenesis
    1. formation of primary spermatocytes via differentiation and mitosis of spermatogonia
    2. SPERMATOGONIA
      1. first cells in the sperm lineage- two types. Have diploid number of chromosomes and tetraploid DNA content. Adjacent to basal lamina with a rounded shape.
      2. types
        1. A
          1. mitotic stem cells of sperm lineage
          2. divide to give rise to more type A or type B spermatagonia
          3. have a slightly flattened or oval nucleus that varies in staining
        2. B
          1. undergo mitosis to give rise to primary spermatocytes
          2. have rounded nucleus
    3. primary spermatocytes
      1. diploid cells formed form mitosis of type B spermatogonia
      2. these cells have the largest nucleus of any cells in sperm lineage
      3. migrate from the basal compartment towards the ad luminal compartment with in a seminiferous tubule.
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13
Q

describe the two types of spermatogaonia and the relationship between the two.

A
  1. spermatocytogenesis
    1. formation of primary spermatocytes via differentiation and mitosis of spermatogonia
    2. SPERMATOGONIA
      1. first cells in the sperm lineage- two types. Have diploid number of chromosomes and tetraploid DNA content. Adjacent to basal lamina with a rounded shape.
      2. types
        1. A
          1. mitotic stem cells of sperm lineage
          2. divide to give rise to more type A or type B spermatagonia
          3. have a slightly flattened or oval nucleus that varies in staining
        2. B
          1. undergo mitosis to give rise to primary spermatocytes
          2. have rounded nucleus
    3. primary spermatocytes
      1. diploid cells formed form mitosis of type B spermatogonia
      2. these cells have the largest nucleus of any cells in sperm lineage
      3. migrate from the basal compartment towards the ad luminal compartment with in a seminiferous tubule.
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14
Q

formed from B spermatogonia. Describe them and their migration.

A
  1. spermatocytogenesis
    1. formation of primary spermatocytes via differentiation and mitosis of spermatogonia
    2. SPERMATOGONIA
      1. first cells in the sperm lineage- two types. Have diploid number of chromosomes and tetraploid DNA content. Adjacent to basal lamina with a rounded shape.
      2. types
        1. A
          1. mitotic stem cells of sperm lineage
          2. divide to give rise to more type A or type B spermatagonia
          3. have a slightly flattened or oval nucleus that varies in staining
        2. B
          1. undergo mitosis to give rise to primary spermatocytes
          2. have rounded nucleus
    3. primary spermatocytes
      1. diploid cells formed form mitosis of type B spermatogonia
      2. these cells have the largest nucleus of any cells in sperm lineage
      3. migrate from the basal compartment towards the ad luminal compartment with in a seminiferous tubule.
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15
Q

reductiton division of diploid spermatocytes resulting in haploid spermatids (both number and DNA content). What are the divisions?

A
  1. meiosis
    1. reductiton division of diploid spermatocytes resulting in haploid spermatids (both number and DNA content)
    2. first meitotic division
      1. secondary spermatocytes
        1. formed when primary spermatocytes undergo the 1st meitotic division.
        2. These cells have a notably smaller nucleus than primary seprmatocytes
        3. 1st meiotic division results in halving of the chromosomes per cell to haploid (1N) number
        4. DNA contenct is 2N
        5. Secondary spermatocytes enter into the 2nd meitotic division almost immediatly after they are formed
          1. very few are seen in the histological sections
    3. second meiotc division
      1. spermatids
        1. formed from the 2nd meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes
        2. have a haploid number of both chromosomes and DNA content
        3. eary spermatids are small round cells
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16
Q

these spermatocytes are hard to see because the division is very rapid.

  1. what is their ploidy
A
  1. meiosis
    1. reductiton division of diploid spermatocytes resulting in haploid spermatids (both number and DNA content)
    2. first meitotic division
      1. secondary spermatocytes
        1. formed when primary spermatocytes undergo the 1st meitotic division.
        2. These cells have a notably smaller nucleus than primary seprmatocytes
        3. 1st meiotic division results in halving of the chromosomes per cell to haploid (1N) number
        4. DNA contenct is 2N
        5. Secondary spermatocytes enter into the 2nd meitotic division almost immediatly after they are formed
          1. very few are seen in the histological sections
    3. second meiotc division
      1. spermatids
        1. formed from the 2nd meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes
        2. have a haploid number of both chromosomes and DNA content
        3. eary spermatids are small round cells
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17
Q

Spermatids are found in which division of spermatogenesis? describe the ploidy and structure

A
  1. meiosis
    1. reductiton division of diploid spermatocytes resulting in haploid spermatids (both number and DNA content)
    2. first meitotic division
      1. secondary spermatocytes
        1. formed when primary spermatocytes undergo the 1st meitotic division.
        2. These cells have a notably smaller nucleus than primary seprmatocytes
        3. 1st meiotic division results in halving of the chromosomes per cell to haploid (1N) number
        4. DNA contenct is 2N
        5. Secondary spermatocytes enter into the 2nd meitotic division almost immediatly after they are formed
          1. very few are seen in the histological sections
    3. second meiotc division
      1. spermatids
        1. formed from the 2nd meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes
        2. have a haploid number of both chromosomes and DNA content
        3. eary spermatids are small round cells
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18
Q

an elaborate differentiation process wherby mature spermatozoa are formed from spermatids Is there cell division involved?

A
  1. spermiogenesis
    1. an elaborate differentiation process wherby mature spermatozoa are formed from spermatids
    2. NO CELL DIVISIONS ARE INVOLVED
    3. early spermatids morphology
      1. typical small cell
      2. undergoes drastic morphological changes as it proceeds through spermiogenesis and reaches late spermatid stage
      3. cells are considered spermatids as long as they remain attached to sertoli cells, even thoug hlate spermatids have the morphology of a spermatozoa.
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19
Q

descrie the product in spermiogenesis. What are these cells attached to?

A
  1. spermiogenesis
    1. an elaborate differentiation process wherby mature spermatozoa are formed from spermatids
    2. NO CELL DIVISIONS ARE INVOLVED
    3. early spermatids morphology
      1. typical small cell
      2. undergoes drastic morphological changes as it proceeds through spermiogenesis and reaches late spermatid stage
      3. cells are considered spermatids as long as they remain attached to sertoli cells, even though late spermatids have the morphology of a spermatozoa.
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20
Q

describe the major events in spermiogenesis

  1. acromosome formation
  2. 3 other main events
A

major events in spermiogenesis

  1. acrosome formation
    1. numerous small pre-acrosomal granules are formed early in spermiogenesis.
    2. membrane bound vesicles contain
      1. hydrolytic enzymes formed in the rER and modified in the golgi
    3. acrosomal vesicle
      1. formed by the fusion of pre-acrosomal granules
    4. acrosome (acrosomal cap)
      1. forms from the acrosomal vesicle after it enlarges and migrates to the anterior pole of the sperm, covering or “capping” the nucleus
    5. acrosome function
      1. facilitates fertilization
      2. enzymes contained in the acrosomes separate tha cells of tocum’s corona radiata and penetrate zona pellucida
  2. condensation of nuclear material
  3. flagellum formation
    1. principal piece
      1. forms from a centriole that migrates to the posterior of the nucleus
    2. middle piece
      1. the thickened proximal portion of the flagellum, interspersed between the sperm head and principal piece
      2. mitochondria aggregate in this region
      3. flagellar motion is generated in this region
  4. shedding of excess cytoplasm
    1. residual bodies
    2. mature but not yet function sperm are released into the lumen of the seminferous tubule
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21
Q

Describre the formation, structure and function of the acrosome

A

major events in spermiogenesis

  1. acrosome formation
    1. numerous small pre-acrosomal granules are formed early in spermiogenesis.
    2. membrane bound vesicles contain
      1. hydrolytic enzymes formed in the rER and modified in the golgi
    3. acrosomal vesicle
      1. formed by the fusion of pre-acrosomal granules
    4. acrosome (acrosomal cap)
      1. forms from the acrosomal vesicle after it enlarges and migrates to the anterior pole of the sperm, covering or “capping” the nucleus
    5. acrosome function
      1. facilitates fertilization
      2. enzymes contained in the acrosomes separate tha cells of tocum’s corona radiata and penetrate zona pellucida
  2. condensation of nuclear material
  3. flagellum formation
    1. principal piece
      1. forms from a centriole that migrates to the posterior of the nucleus
    2. middle piece
      1. the thickened proximal portion of the flagellum, interspersed between the sperm head and principal piece
      2. mitochondria aggregate in this region
      3. flagellar motion is generated in this region
  4. shedding of excess cytoplasm
    1. residual bodies
    2. mature but not yet function sperm are released into the lumen of the seminferous tubule
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22
Q

forms from a centriole that migrates to the posterior of the nucleus during spermatogenesis

A

major events in spermiogenesis

  1. acrosome formation
    1. numerous small pre-acrosomal granules are formed early in spermiogenesis.
    2. membrane bound vesicles contain
      1. hydrolytic enzymes formed in the rER and modified in the golgi
    3. acrosomal vesicle
      1. formed by the fusion of pre-acrosomal granules
    4. acrosome (acrosomal cap)
      1. forms from the acrosomal vesicle after it enlarges and migrates to the anterior pole of the sperm, covering or “capping” the nucleus
    5. acrosome function
      1. facilitates fertilization
      2. enzymes contained in the acrosomes separate tha cells of tocum’s corona radiata and penetrate zona pellucida
  2. condensation of nuclear material
  3. flagellum formation
    1. principal piece
      1. forms from a centriole that migrates to the posterior of the nucleus
    2. middle piece
      1. the thickened proximal portion of the flagellum, interspersed between the sperm head and principal piece
      2. mitochondria aggregate in this region
      3. flagellar motion is generated in this region
  4. shedding of excess cytoplasm
    1. residual bodies
    2. mature but not yet function sperm are released into the lumen of the seminferous tubule
23
Q

is the sperm at the end of spermatogenesis mature and functional? explain

A

major events in spermiogenesis

  1. acrosome formation
    1. numerous small pre-acrosomal granules are formed early in spermiogenesis.
    2. membrane bound vesicles contain
      1. hydrolytic enzymes formed in the rER and modified in the golgi
    3. acrosomal vesicle
      1. formed by the fusion of pre-acrosomal granules
    4. acrosome (acrosomal cap)
      1. forms from the acrosomal vesicle after it enlarges and migrates to the anterior pole of the sperm, covering or “capping” the nucleus
    5. acrosome function
      1. facilitates fertilization
      2. enzymes contained in the acrosomes separate tha cells of tocum’s corona radiata and penetrate zona pellucida
  2. condensation of nuclear material
  3. flagellum formation
    1. principal piece
      1. forms from a centriole that migrates to the posterior of the nucleus
    2. middle piece
      1. the thickened proximal portion of the flagellum, interspersed between the sperm head and principal piece
      2. mitochondria aggregate in this region
      3. flagellar motion is generated in this region
  4. shedding of excess cytoplasm
    1. residual bodies
    2. mature but not yet function sperm are released into the lumen of the seminferous tubule
24
Q
A
25
Q

diagram spermatogenesis

A
26
Q

what are the 6 funcitons of sertoli cells?

A
  1. sertoli cells
    1. specialized epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules that are tall columnar cells wit hinfoldings along their apical and lateral surfaces
    2. sertoli cells are not a part of sperm lineage, but they do surround the developing sperm cells and are critical in their maturation
    3. histological characteristic
      1. basally located nucleus which is pale, oval-trangle shape with distinct nucleolous
    4. function
      1. concentration of testosterone in the seminiferous tubule to a level that is adequate to promote spermatogenesis
      2. androgen binding protein
        1. a protein synthesized by setoli cells
        2. helps concentrate testoterone in the tubule.
        3. FSH from AP induces the synthesis of this protein
      3. nutritional and physical support of developing sperm cells
      4. secretion of fluids that assist in propelling spermatozoa along the seminiferous tubuel (newly formed spermatozoa are immotile)
      5. phagocytosis of cytoplasm discarded by the maturing spermatids
      6. blood testes barrier
        1. formed by the tight junctions (zonula occludens ) joingin adjacent sertoli cells near their base.
        2. generate two concentric compartments with in the seminiferous tubule
          1. basal comparment
          2. ad luminal comparment
27
Q

what cells modify the testosterone levels in the testes? describe the system

A
  1. sertoli cells
    1. specialized epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules that are tall columnar cells wit hinfoldings along their apical and lateral surfaces
    2. sertoli cells are not a part of sperm lineage, but they do surround the developing sperm cells and are critical in their maturation
    3. histological characteristic
      1. basally located nucleus which is pale, oval-trangle shape with distinct nucleolous
    4. function
      1. concentration of testosterone in the seminiferous tubule to a level that is adequate to promote spermatogenesis
      2. androgen binding protein
        1. a protein synthesized by setoli cells
        2. helps concentrate testoterone in the tubule.
        3. FSH from AP induces the synthesis of this protein
      3. nutritional and physical support of developing sperm cells
      4. secretion of fluids that assist in propelling spermatozoa along the seminiferous tubuel (newly formed spermatozoa are immotile)
      5. phagocytosis of cytoplasm discarded by the maturing spermatids
      6. blood testes barrier
        1. formed by the tight junctions (zonula occludens ) joingin adjacent sertoli cells near their base.
        2. generate two concentric compartments with in the seminiferous tubule
          1. basal comparment
          2. ad luminal comparment
28
Q

cells with a nucelus pale, oval triangular cell and a distinct nucelous. What type of barrier do these cell set up?

A
  1. sertoli cells
    1. specialized epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules that are tall columnar cells wit hinfoldings along their apical and lateral surfaces
    2. sertoli cells are not a part of sperm lineage, but they do surround the developing sperm cells and are critical in their maturation
    3. histological characteristic
      1. basally located nucleus which is pale, oval-trangle shape with distinct nucleolous
    4. function
      1. concentration of testosterone in the seminiferous tubule to a level that is adequate to promote spermatogenesis
      2. androgen binding protein
        1. a protein synthesized by setoli cells
        2. helps concentrate testoterone in the tubule.
        3. FSH from AP induces the synthesis of this protein
      3. nutritional and physical support of developing sperm cells
      4. secretion of fluids that assist in propelling spermatozoa along the seminiferous tubuel (newly formed spermatozoa are immotile)
      5. phagocytosis of cytoplasm discarded by the maturing spermatids
      6. blood testes barrier
        1. formed by the tight junctions (zonula occludens ) joingin adjacent sertoli cells near their base.
        2. generate two concentric compartments with in the seminiferous tubule
          1. basal comparment
          2. ad luminal comparment
29
Q

Describe the shape and location of the sertoli cells. general function

A
  1. sertoli cells
    1. specialized epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules that are tall columnar cells wit hinfoldings along their apical and lateral surfaces
    2. sertoli cells are not a part of sperm lineage, but they do surround the developing sperm cells and are critical in their maturation
    3. histological characteristic
      1. basally located nucleus which is pale, oval-trangle shape with distinct nucleolous
    4. function
      1. concentration of testosterone in the seminiferous tubule to a level that is adequate to promote spermatogenesis
      2. androgen binding protein
        1. a protein synthesized by setoli cells
        2. helps concentrate testoterone in the tubule.
        3. FSH from AP induces the synthesis of this protein
      3. nutritional and physical support of developing sperm cells
      4. secretion of fluids that assist in propelling spermatozoa along the seminiferous tubuel (newly formed spermatozoa are immotile)
      5. phagocytosis of cytoplasm discarded by the maturing spermatids
      6. blood testes barrier
        1. formed by the tight junctions (zonula occludens ) joingin adjacent sertoli cells near their base.
        2. generate two concentric compartments with in the seminiferous tubule
          1. basal comparment
          2. ad luminal comparment
30
Q

what is the compartment location of the spermatogonia? describe the system

A

compartments of the seminferous tubules generated by the sertoli cells

  1. basal compartment of seminiferous tubule
    1. located between the tight junctions and the epithelial basal lamina
    2. spermatogonia are located in this compartment
  2. ad luminal compartment of seminiferous tubule
    1. outer border is defined by the tight junction
    2. spermatocyte, spermatids and spermatozoa are located in this compartment
    3. surrounded by basal comparment

tight junctions prevent blood components in the interstitium from contacting the developing sperm cells in the ad lumincal compartment. protects sperm vells from the immunce system. loosly rich vascularized connective tissue surrounds the seminiferous tubule

31
Q

what cells, with reference to sperm synthesis, are located in the ad luminal compartement of the seminferous tubules

A

compartments of the seminferous tubules generated by the sertoli cells

  1. basal compartment of seminiferous tubule
    1. located between the tight junctions and the epithelial basal lamina
    2. spermatogonia are located in this compartment
  2. ad luminal compartment of seminiferous tubule
    1. outer border is defined by the tight junction
    2. spermatocyte, spermatids and spermatozoa are located in this compartment
    3. surrounded by basal comparment

tight junctions prevent blood components in the interstitium from contacting the developing sperm ce3lls in the ad lumincal compartment. protects sperm vells from the immunce system. loosly rich vascularized connective tissue surrounds the seminiferous tubule

32
Q

endocrine cells interspersed throughout the interstitial connective tissue, outside the seminiferous tubule. describe the function

A
  1. interstitial cells of leydig
    1. endocrine cells interspersed throughout the interstitial connective tissue, outside the seminiferous tubule
    2. histology
      1. each cell is 15micrometers in diatmeter nad tend to occur in clusters.
      2. polygonal in shape and contain lipid droplets
      3. have an elaborate eER and excessive mitochondria with prominent cristae.
        1. for robust steroid secretion
    3. functions
      1. endocrine cells secret testosterone in response from LH from the anterior pituitary
    4. time specifics
      1. embryo
        1. secretion of testosterone. and other androgens is essential for normal development of gonads in the male fetus
      2. fetus
        1. activce in early differentiation
        2. undergo a period of inactivity beginning at 5months of fetal life
      3. puberty
        1. testosterone is responsible for intiation of sperm poduction, accessory sex gland secretion and development of secondary sex characteristics
        2. leydig cells become active after 5 months of life when they are exposed to gonadotropic stimulation and remain active throughout life.
      4. adult
        1. testosterone is essential for maintenance of
          1. spermatogenesis
          2. secondary sex characteristics
          3. genital excurrent ducts
          4. accessory sex glands
33
Q

polygon shaped cells with prominent mitochondria. Located in the interstiital connective tissue outside the seminiferous tubule. what are the importance in embryo, fetal life, puberty, and adult life.

A
  1. interstitial cells of leydig
    1. endocrine cells interspersed throughout the interstitial connective tissue, outside the seminiferous tubule
    2. histology
      1. each cell is 15micrometers in diatmeter nad tend to occur in clusters.
      2. polygonal in shape and contain lipid droplets
      3. have an elaborate eER and excessive mitochondria with prominent cristae.
        1. for robust steroid secretion
    3. functions
      1. endocrine cells secret testosterone in response from LH from the anterior pituitary
    4. time specifics
      1. embryo
        1. secretion of testosterone. and other androgens is essential for normal development of gonads in the male fetus
      2. fetus
        1. activce in early differentiation
        2. undergo a period of inactivity beginning at 5months of fetal life
      3. puberty
        1. testosterone is responsible for intiation of sperm poduction, accessory sex gland secretion and development of secondary sex characteristics
        2. leydig cells become active after 5 months of life when they are exposed to gonadotropic stimulation and remain active throughout life.
      4. adult
        1. testosterone is essential for maintenance of
          1. spermatogenesis
          2. secondary sex characteristics
          3. genital excurrent ducts
          4. accessory sex glands
34
Q

what is the importance of leydig cells for the following

  1. embryo
  2. fetal life
  3. puberty
  4. adult
A
  1. interstitial cells of leydig
    1. endocrine cells interspersed throughout the interstitial connective tissue, outside the seminiferous tubule
    2. histology
      1. each cell is 15micrometers in diatmeter nad tend to occur in clusters.
      2. polygonal in shape and contain lipid droplets
      3. have an elaborate eER and excessive mitochondria with prominent cristae.
        1. for robust steroid secretion
    3. functions
      1. endocrine cells secret testosterone in response from LH from the anterior pituitary
    4. time specifics
      1. embryo
        1. secretion of testosterone. and other androgens is essential for normal development of gonads in the male fetus
      2. fetus
        1. activce in early differentiation
        2. undergo a period of inactivity beginning at 5months of fetal life
      3. puberty
        1. testosterone is responsible for intiation of sperm poduction, accessory sex gland secretion and development of secondary sex characteristics
        2. leydig cells become active after 5 months of life when they are exposed to gonadotropic stimulation and remain active throughout life.
      4. adult
        1. testosterone is essential for maintenance of
          1. spermatogenesis
          2. secondary sex characteristics
          3. genital excurrent ducts
          4. accessory sex glands
35
Q

Each spermatozoon is released from the tsetoli cell upon completion of speriogeneis. It is relatively immotile at this stage. The spermatozoon passes through a duct system designed to actively carry it via muscle contraction, assisted by movement of cilia to the exterior of the body. Describe the 5 regions of the genital ducts

A

Each spermatozoon is released from the tsetoli cell upon completion of speriogeneis. It is relatively immotile at this stage. The spermatozoon passes through a duct system designed to actively carry it via muscle contraction, assisted by movement of cilia to the exterior of the body.

genital ducts

  1. tubuli recti
    1. striaght tubes
    2. are a series of short, straight tubules between the seiminiferous tubules and the rete testes
  2. rete testes
    1. are a series of simple cubooidal epithelium lined spaces in connective tissue of mediastinum testes.
    2. tubuli empty into rete testes
  3. efferent ducts
    1. a dozen or more shor, straight ducts that exit the testes and lie on the surface of the testes.
    2. they are lined by ciliated columnar cells intersperesed with patches of non-ciliated cuboidal cells
    3. cilia help in the movement of spermatozoa
  4. epididymis
    1. single thin tubuel about 15ft long folded into a space. behind the testes
    2. consists of a head, body and tail
    3. histology
      1. pseudostratified epithelium
        1. lines the epididymis and is composed of two cell types
          1. basal cells
            1. small, short cells that lie against the basal lamina.
            2. thought to be the stem cells that can regenarate principal cells
          2. principal cells
            1. tall cells with a paler nucleus, far more prominent than basal cells (epithelium appears pseudostratified)
            2. have stereocilia on their apical surfaces.
      2. loose CT outside of epithelium
      3. muscular layer
        1. circularly arranged smooth muscle surrounds the C.
        2. peristaltic contraction of this muscle assists in the movement of spermatozoa through the duct
  5. vas deferens
    1. continues from the tail of the epididimusto the prostatic urethra as a straight thick walled with relatively small lumen
    2. lined with pseudostratified epithelium with sterocilia and a relatively thick layer of circularly arranged smooth muscle
    3. ampulla
      1. dilated region of teh vas deferens near the prostate gland
    4. ejaculatory duct
      1. is the portion of the vas deferens where the ampulla is joined by seminal vesicle and extends through the prostate gland
36
Q

Generate the pathway and function of the 5 regions of the genital tract

  1. tubuli recti
  2. rete testes
  3. efferent ducts
  4. epidymus
  5. vas deferens
A

Each spermatozoon is released from the tsetoli cell upon completion of speriogeneis. It is relatively immotile at this stage. The spermatozoon passes through a duct system designed to actively carry it via muscle contraction, assisted by movement of cilia to the exterior of the body.

genital ducts

  1. tubuli recti
    1. striaght tubes
    2. are a series of short, straight tubules between the seiminiferous tubules and the rete testes
  2. rete testes
    1. are a series of simple cubooidal epithelium lined spaces in connective tissue of mediastinum testes.
    2. tubuli empty into rete testes
  3. efferent ducts
    1. a dozen or more shor, straight ducts that exit the testes and lie on the surface of the testes.
    2. they are lined by ciliated columnar cells intersperesed with patches of non-ciliated cuboidal cells
    3. cilia help in the movement of spermatozoa
  4. epididymis
    1. single thin tubuel about 15ft long folded into a space. behind the testes
    2. consists of a head, body and tail
    3. histology
      1. pseudostratified epithelium
        1. lines the epididymis and is composed of two cell types
          1. basal cells
            1. small, short cells that lie against the basal lamina.
            2. thought to be the stem cells that can regenarate principal cells
          2. principal cells
            1. tall cells with a paler nucleus, far more prominent than basal cells (epithelium appears pseudostratified)
            2. have stereocilia on their apical surfaces.
      2. loose CT outside of epithelium
      3. muscular layer
        1. circularly arranged smooth muscle surrounds the C.
        2. peristaltic contraction of this muscle assists in the movement of spermatozoa through the duct
  5. vas deferens
    1. continues from the tail of the epididimusto the prostatic urethra as a straight thick walled with relatively small lumen
    2. lined with pseudostratified epithelium with sterocilia and a relatively thick layer of circularly arranged smooth muscle
    3. ampulla
      1. dilated region of teh vas deferens near the prostate gland
    4. ejaculatory duct
      1. is the portion of the vas deferens where the ampulla is joined by seminal vesicle and extends through the prostate gland
37
Q

what are the following

  1. are a series of short, straight tubules between the seiminiferous tubules and the rete testes
  2. a dozen or more short, straight ducts that exit the testes and lie on the surface of the testes. they are lined by ciliated columnar cells intersperesed with patches of non-ciliated cuboidal cells
  3. are a series of simple cubooidal epithelium lined spaces in connective tissue of mediastinum testes.
  4. lined with pseudostratified epithelium with sterocilia and a relatively thick layer of circularly arranged smooth muscle
  5. single thin tubuel about 15ft long folded into a space. behind the testes. consists of a head, body and tail
A

Each spermatozoon is released from the tsetoli cell upon completion of speriogeneis. It is relatively immotile at this stage. The spermatozoon passes through a duct system designed to actively carry it via muscle contraction, assisted by movement of cilia to the exterior of the body.

genital ducts

  1. tubuli recti
    1. striaght tubes
    2. are a series of short, straight tubules between the seiminiferous tubules and the rete testes
  2. rete testes
    1. are a series of simple cubooidal epithelium lined spaces in connective tissue of mediastinum testes.
    2. tubuli empty into rete testes
  3. efferent ducts
    1. a dozen or more short, straight ducts that exit the testes and lie on the surface of the testes.
    2. they are lined by ciliated columnar cells intersperesed with patches of non-ciliated cuboidal cells
    3. cilia help in the movement of spermatozoa
  4. epididymis
    1. single thin tubuel about 15ft long folded into a space. behind the testes
    2. consists of a head, body and tail
    3. histology
      1. pseudostratified epithelium
        1. lines the epididymis and is composed of two cell types
          1. basal cells
            1. small, short cells that lie against the basal lamina.
            2. thought to be the stem cells that can regenarate principal cells
          2. principal cells
            1. tall cells with a paler nucleus, far more prominent than basal cells (epithelium appears pseudostratified)
            2. have stereocilia on their apical surfaces.
      2. loose CT outside of epithelium
      3. muscular layer
        1. circularly arranged smooth muscle surrounds the C.
        2. peristaltic contraction of this muscle assists in the movement of spermatozoa through the duct
  5. vas deferens
    1. continues from the tail of the epididimusto the prostatic urethra as a straight thick walled with relatively small lumen
    2. lined with pseudostratified epithelium with sterocilia and a relatively thick layer of circularly arranged smooth muscle
    3. ampulla
      1. dilated region of teh vas deferens near the prostate gland
    4. ejaculatory duct
      1. is the portion of the vas deferens where the ampulla is joined by seminal vesicle and extends through the prostate gland
38
Q

describe the histology of the efferent duct, epididymis and vas deferens

A

Each spermatozoon is released from the tsetoli cell upon completion of speriogeneis. It is relatively immotile at this stage. The spermatozoon passes through a duct system designed to actively carry it via muscle contraction, assisted by movement of cilia to the exterior of the body.

genital ducts

  1. tubuli recti
    1. striaght tubes
    2. are a series of short, straight tubules between the seiminiferous tubules and the rete testes
  2. rete testes
    1. are a series of simple cubooidal epithelium lined spaces in connective tissue of mediastinum testes.
    2. tubuli empty into rete testes
  3. efferent ducts
    1. a dozen or more shor, straight ducts that exit the testes and lie on the surface of the testes.
    2. they are lined by ciliated columnar cells intersperesed with patches of non-ciliated cuboidal cells
    3. cilia help in the movement of spermatozoa
  4. epididymis
    1. single thin tubuel about 15ft long folded into a space. behind the testes
    2. consists of a head, body and tail
    3. histology
      1. pseudostratified epithelium
        1. lines the epididymis and is composed of two cell types
          1. basal cells
            1. small, short cells that lie against the basal lamina.
            2. thought to be the stem cells that can regenarate principal cells
          2. principal cells
            1. tall cells with a paler nucleus, far more prominent than basal cells (epithelium appears pseudostratified)
            2. have stereocilia on their apical surfaces.
      2. loose CT outside of epithelium
      3. muscular layer
        1. circularly arranged smooth muscle surrounds the C.
        2. peristaltic contraction of this muscle assists in the movement of spermatozoa through the duct
  5. vas deferens
    1. continues from the tail of the epididimusto the prostatic urethra as a straight thick walled with relatively small lumen
    2. lined with pseudostratified epithelium with sterocilia and a relatively thick layer of circularly arranged smooth muscle
    3. ampulla
      1. dilated region of teh vas deferens near the prostate gland
    4. ejaculatory duct
      1. is the portion of the vas deferens where the ampulla is joined by seminal vesicle and extends through the prostate gland
39
Q

describe and define the relationship of the cells within the epididymis.

A

Each spermatozoon is released from the tsetoli cell upon completion of speriogeneis. It is relatively immotile at this stage. The spermatozoon passes through a duct system designed to actively carry it via muscle contraction, assisted by movement of cilia to the exterior of the body.

genital ducts

  1. tubuli recti
    1. striaght tubes
    2. are a series of short, straight tubules between the seiminiferous tubules and the rete testes
  2. rete testes
    1. are a series of simple cubooidal epithelium lined spaces in connective tissue of mediastinum testes.
    2. tubuli empty into rete testes
  3. efferent ducts
    1. a dozen or more shor, straight ducts that exit the testes and lie on the surface of the testes.
    2. they are lined by ciliated columnar cells intersperesed with patches of non-ciliated cuboidal cells
    3. cilia help in the movement of spermatozoa
  4. epididymis
    1. single thin tubuel about 15ft long folded into a space. behind the testes
    2. consists of a head, body and tail
    3. histology
      1. pseudostratified epithelium
        1. lines the epididymis and is composed of two cell types
          1. basal cells
            1. small, short cells that lie against the basal lamina.
            2. thought to be the stem cells that can regenarate principal cells
          2. principal cells
            1. tall cells with a paler nucleus, far more prominent than basal cells (epithelium appears pseudostratified)
            2. have stereocilia on their apical surfaces.
      2. loose CT outside of epithelium
      3. muscular layer
        1. circularly arranged smooth muscle surrounds the C.
        2. peristaltic contraction of this muscle assists in the movement of spermatozoa through the duct
  5. vas deferens
    1. continues from the tail of the epididimusto the prostatic urethra as a straight thick walled with relatively small lumen
    2. lined with pseudostratified epithelium with sterocilia and a relatively thick layer of circularly arranged smooth muscle
    3. ampulla
      1. dilated region of teh vas deferens near the prostate gland
    4. ejaculatory duct
      1. is the portion of the vas deferens where the ampulla is joined by seminal vesicle and extends through the prostate gland
40
Q

diagram and describe the structure, function and operation of the vas deferens

A

Each spermatozoon is released from the tsetoli cell upon completion of speriogeneis. It is relatively immotile at this stage. The spermatozoon passes through a duct system designed to actively carry it via muscle contraction, assisted by movement of cilia to the exterior of the body.

genital ducts

  1. tubuli recti
    1. striaght tubes
    2. are a series of short, straight tubules between the seiminiferous tubules and the rete testes
  2. rete testes
    1. are a series of simple cubooidal epithelium lined spaces in connective tissue of mediastinum testes.
    2. tubuli empty into rete testes
  3. efferent ducts
    1. a dozen or more shor, straight ducts that exit the testes and lie on the surface of the testes.
    2. they are lined by ciliated columnar cells intersperesed with patches of non-ciliated cuboidal cells
    3. cilia help in the movement of spermatozoa
  4. epididymis
    1. single thin tubuel about 15ft long folded into a space. behind the testes
    2. consists of a head, body and tail
    3. histology
      1. pseudostratified epithelium
        1. lines the epididymis and is composed of two cell types
          1. basal cells
            1. small, short cells that lie against the basal lamina.
            2. thought to be the stem cells that can regenarate principal cells
          2. principal cells
            1. tall cells with a paler nucleus, far more prominent than basal cells (epithelium appears pseudostratified)
            2. have stereocilia on their apical surfaces.
      2. loose CT outside of epithelium
      3. muscular layer
        1. circularly arranged smooth muscle surrounds the C.
        2. peristaltic contraction of this muscle assists in the movement of spermatozoa through the duct
  5. vas deferens
    1. continues from the tail of the epididimusto the prostatic urethra as a straight thick walled with relatively small lumen
    2. lined with pseudostratified epithelium with sterocilia and a relatively thick layer of circularly arranged smooth muscle
    3. ampulla
      1. dilated region of the vas deferens near the prostate gland
    4. ejaculatory duct
      1. is the portion of the vas deferens where the ampulla is joined by seminal vesicle and extends through the prostate gland
41
Q

secretions from several glands supply the spermatozoa with nutrients and facilitate their passage through the duct system. define and describe the funcion of these glands.(4)

A

accessory glands of the male

  1. seminal vesicles
    1. pair of highly coiled tubular glands located behind the prostate gland and the neck of the bladder
    2. function
      1. secrete a fluid that tis rich in fructose (important energy source for the spermatozoa)
  2. prostate gland
    1. largest accesory gland surrounding the ejactulatory duct and prostatic urethra
    2. structure
      1. extensive tubuoalveolar gland
        1. mucosal glands
          1. immediatly surround the urethra
            1. ~5% of prostate volume
        2. submucosal glands
          1. in the concentric ring around tthe mucosal glands (central zone)
            1. ~25% of prostate volume
        3. main prostatic glands
          1. largest portion surrounding the submucosal glands
            1. ~70% of prostate volume
      2. pseudostratified columnar epithlium lines the prostate gland
      3. prostatic concretions aka corpora amylacea
        1. seen in the lumens of the prostate glands
        2. increases with age
        3. dense collagenous connecive tissue with smooth muscle cells
        4. forms the stroma surrounding the glands
        5. a thin capsule composed dense irregular collagenous connective tissue with smooth muscle cells surrounds ttthe prostate gland
  3. bulbourethral glands
    1. paired glands
    2. pea sized
    3. mucus secretin
    4. located at the base of the penis
    5. viscous secretion lubricates the penile urethra
  4. urethral glands
    1. numerous small mucus secreting glands are present all along the length of male urethra
42
Q

pair of highly coiled tubular glands located behind the prostate gland and the neck of the bladder. What are the secretions?

A

accessory glands of the male

  1. seminal vesicles
    1. pair of highly coiled tubular glands located behind the prostate gland and the neck of the bladder
    2. function
      1. secrete a fluid that tis rich in fructose (important energy source for the spermatozoa)
  2. prostate gland
    1. largest accesory gland surrounding the ejactulatory duct and prostatic urethra
    2. structure
      1. extensive tubuoalveolar gland
        1. mucosal glands
          1. immediatly surround the urethra
            1. ~5% of prostate volume
        2. submucosal glands
          1. in the concentric ring around tthe mucosal glands (central zone)
            1. ~25% of prostate volume
        3. main prostatic glands
          1. largest portion surrounding the submucosal glands
            1. ~70% of prostate volume
      2. pseudostratified columnar epithlium lines the prostate gland
      3. prostatic concretions aka corpora amylacea
        1. seen in the lumens of the prostate glands
        2. increases with age
        3. dense collagenous connecive tissue with smooth muscle cells
        4. forms the stroma surrounding the glands
        5. a thin capsule composed dense irregular collagenous connective tissue with smooth muscle cells surrounds ttthe prostate gland
  3. bulbourethral glands
    1. paired glands
    2. pea sized
    3. mucus secretin
    4. located at the base of the penis
    5. viscous secretion lubricates the penile urethra
  4. urethral glands
    1. numerous small mucus secreting glands are present all along the length of male urethra
43
Q

largest accesory gland surrounding the ejactulatory duct.

  1. structure
    1. glands
    2. epithelium
    3. increases with age
A

accessory glands of the male

  1. seminal vesicles
    1. pair of highly coiled tubular glands located behind the prostate gland and the neck of the bladder
    2. function
      1. secrete a fluid that tis rich in fructose (important energy source for the spermatozoa)
  2. prostate gland
    1. largest accesory gland surrounding the ejactulatory duct and prostatic urethra
    2. structure
      1. extensive tubuoalveolar gland
        1. mucosal glands
          1. immediatly surround the urethra
            1. ~5% of prostate volume
        2. submucosal glands
          1. in the concentric ring around tthe mucosal glands (central zone)
            1. ~25% of prostate volume
        3. main prostatic glands
          1. largest portion surrounding the submucosal glands
            1. ~70% of prostate volume
      2. pseudostratified columnar epithlium lines the prostate gland
      3. prostatic concretions aka corpora amylacea
        1. seen in the lumens of the prostate glands
        2. increases with age
        3. dense collagenous connecive tissue with smooth muscle cells
        4. forms the stroma surrounding the glands
        5. a thin capsule composed dense irregular collagenous connective tissue with smooth muscle cells surrounds ttthe prostate gland
  3. bulbourethral glands
    1. paired glands
    2. pea sized
    3. mucus secretin
    4. located at the base of the penis
    5. viscous secretion lubricates the penile urethra
  4. urethral glands
    1. numerous small mucus secreting glands are present all along the length of male urethra
44
Q

describe the location of the glands of the prostate and the % of each

A

accessory glands of the male

  1. seminal vesicles
    1. pair of highly coiled tubular glands located behind the prostate gland and the neck of the bladder
    2. function
      1. secrete a fluid that tis rich in fructose (important energy source for the spermatozoa)
  2. prostate gland
    1. largest accesory gland surrounding the ejactulatory duct and prostatic urethra
    2. structure
      1. extensive tubuoalveolar gland
        1. mucosal glands
          1. immediatly surround the urethra
            1. ~5% of prostate volume
        2. submucosal glands
          1. in the concentric ring around tthe mucosal glands (central zone)
            1. ~25% of prostate volume
        3. main prostatic glands
          1. largest portion surrounding the submucosal glands
            1. ~70% of prostate volume
      2. pseudostratified columnar epithlium lines the prostate gland
      3. prostatic concretions aka corpora amylacea
        1. seen in the lumens of the prostate glands
        2. increases with age
        3. dense collagenous connecive tissue with smooth muscle cells
        4. forms the stroma surrounding the glands
        5. a thin capsule composed dense irregular collagenous connective tissue with smooth muscle cells surrounds ttthe prostate gland
  3. bulbourethral glands
    1. paired glands
    2. pea sized
    3. mucus secretin
    4. located at the base of the penis
    5. viscous secretion lubricates the penile urethra
  4. urethral glands
    1. numerous small mucus secreting glands are present all along the length of male urethra
45
Q

seen in the lumens of the prostate glands and increases with age.

describe the fomation and

A

accessory glands of the male

  1. seminal vesicles
    1. pair of highly coiled tubular glands located behind the prostate gland and the neck of the bladder
    2. function
      1. secrete a fluid that tis rich in fructose (important energy source for the spermatozoa)
  2. prostate gland
    1. largest accesory gland surrounding the ejactulatory duct and prostatic urethra
    2. structure
      1. extensive tubuoalveolar gland
        1. mucosal glands
          1. immediatly surround the urethra
            1. ~5% of prostate volume
        2. submucosal glands
          1. in the concentric ring around tthe mucosal glands (central zone)
            1. ~25% of prostate volume
        3. main prostatic glands
          1. largest portion surrounding the submucosal glands
            1. ~70% of prostate volume
      2. pseudostratified columnar epithlium lines the prostate gland
      3. prostatic concretions aka corpora amylacea
        1. seen in the lumens of the prostate glands
        2. increases with age
        3. dense collagenous connecive tissue with smooth muscle cells
        4. forms the stroma surrounding the glands
        5. a thin capsule composed dense irregular collagenous connective tissue with smooth muscle cells surrounds the prostate gland
  3. bulbourethral glands
    1. paired glands
    2. pea sized
    3. mucus secretin
    4. located at the base of the penis
    5. viscous secretion lubricates the penile urethra
  4. urethral glands
    1. numerous small mucus secreting glands are present all along the length of male urethra
46
Q

pea sized gland generating mucus secretions into the penile urethra

A

accessory glands of the male

  1. seminal vesicles
    1. pair of highly coiled tubular glands located behind the prostate gland and the neck of the bladder
    2. function
      1. secrete a fluid that tis rich in fructose (important energy source for the spermatozoa)
  2. prostate gland
    1. largest accesory gland surrounding the ejactulatory duct and prostatic urethra
    2. structure
      1. extensive tubuoalveolar gland
        1. mucosal glands
          1. immediatly surround the urethra
            1. ~5% of prostate volume
        2. submucosal glands
          1. in the concentric ring around tthe mucosal glands (central zone)
            1. ~25% of prostate volume
        3. main prostatic glands
          1. largest portion surrounding the submucosal glands
            1. ~70% of prostate volume
      2. pseudostratified columnar epithlium lines the prostate gland
      3. prostatic concretions aka corpora amylacea
        1. seen in the lumens of the prostate glands
        2. increases with age
        3. dense collagenous connecive tissue with smooth muscle cells
        4. forms the stroma surrounding the glands
        5. a thin capsule composed dense irregular collagenous connective tissue with smooth muscle cells surrounds ttthe prostate gland
  3. bulbourethral glands
    1. paired glands
    2. pea sized
    3. mucus secretin
    4. located at the base of the penis
    5. viscous secretion lubricates the penile urethra
  4. urethral glands
    1. numerous small mucus secreting glands are present all along the length of male urethra
47
Q

numerous small mucus secreting glands are present all along the length of male urethra

A

accessory glands of the male

  1. seminal vesicles
    1. pair of highly coiled tubular glands located behind the prostate gland and the neck of the bladder
    2. function
      1. secrete a fluid that tis rich in fructose (important energy source for the spermatozoa)
  2. prostate gland
    1. largest accesory gland surrounding the ejactulatory duct and prostatic urethra
    2. structure
      1. extensive tubuoalveolar gland
        1. mucosal glands
          1. immediatly surround the urethra
            1. ~5% of prostate volume
        2. submucosal glands
          1. in the concentric ring around tthe mucosal glands (central zone)
            1. ~25% of prostate volume
        3. main prostatic glands
          1. largest portion surrounding the submucosal glands
            1. ~70% of prostate volume
      2. pseudostratified columnar epithlium lines the prostate gland
      3. prostatic concretions aka corpora amylacea
        1. seen in the lumens of the prostate glands
        2. increases with age
        3. dense collagenous connecive tissue with smooth muscle cells
        4. forms the stroma surrounding the glands
        5. a thin capsule composed dense irregular collagenous connective tissue with smooth muscle cells surrounds ttthe prostate gland
  3. bulbourethral glands
    1. paired glands
    2. pea sized
    3. mucus secretin
    4. located at the base of the penis
    5. viscous secretion lubricates the penile urethra
  4. urethral glands
    1. numerous small mucus secreting glands are present all along the length of male urethra
48
Q

dorsally located, side by side communicate with each other

A

thtree columsns of erectile tissue that comprise of the penis. Each of these columns is a series of interconnected vascular spaces lined by epithelium

  1. two corpora cavernosa
    1. dorsally located, side by side
    2. communicate with each other
  2. corpus spongiosum
    1. ventrally located erectile tissue
    2. urethra passes through it
  3. tunica albuginea
    1. dense irregular fibro elastic connective tissue surrounds each of the erectile tissue column
  4. erection
    1. under parasympathetic control
  5. loss of erection
    1. under sympathetic control
    2. occurs when arteries are constricted
    3. reduccing blood flow to the erectile tissue
49
Q

ventrally located erectile tissue, urethra passes through it

A

thtree columsns of erectile tissue that comprise of the penis. Each of these columns is a series of interconnected vascular spaces lined by epithelium

  1. two corpora cavernosa
    1. dorsally located, side by side
    2. communicate with each other
  2. corpus spongiosum
    1. ventrally located erectile tissue
    2. urethra passes through it
  3. tunica albuginea
    1. dense irregular fibro elastic connective tissue surrounds each of the erectile tissue column
  4. erection
    1. under parasympathetic control
  5. loss of erection
    1. under sympathetic control
    2. occurs when arteries are constricted
    3. reduccing blood flow to the erectile tissue
50
Q

dense irregular fibro elastic connective tissue surrounds each of the erectile tissue column

A

thtree columsns of erectile tissue that comprise of the penis. Each of these columns is a series of interconnected vascular spaces lined by epithelium

  1. two corpora cavernosa
    1. dorsally located, side by side
    2. communicate with each other
  2. corpus spongiosum
    1. ventrally located erectile tissue
    2. urethra passes through it
  3. tunica albuginea
    1. dense irregular fibro elastic connective tissue surrounds each of the erectile tissue column
  4. erection
    1. under parasympathetic control
  5. loss of erection
    1. under sympathetic control
    2. occurs when arteries are constricted
    3. reduccing blood flow to the erectile tissue
51
Q

describe the nervous control over the erection and loss of erection

A

thtree columsns of erectile tissue that comprise of the penis. Each of these columns is a series of interconnected vascular spaces lined by epithelium

  1. two corpora cavernosa
    1. dorsally located, side by side
    2. communicate with each other
  2. corpus spongiosum
    1. ventrally located erectile tissue
    2. urethra passes through it
  3. tunica albuginea
    1. dense irregular fibro elastic connective tissue surrounds each of the erectile tissue column
  4. erection
    1. under parasympathetic control
  5. loss of erection
    1. under sympathetic control
    2. occurs when arteries are constricted
    3. reduccing blood flow to the erectile tissue
52
Q

describe the cross section of the penis and describe the contents labled

A

thtree columsns of erectile tissue that comprise of the penis. Each of these columns is a series of interconnected vascular spaces lined by epithelium

  1. two corpora cavernosa
    1. dorsally located, side by side
    2. communicate with each other
  2. corpus spongiosum
    1. ventrally located erectile tissue
    2. urethra passes through it
  3. tunica albuginea
    1. dense irregular fibro elastic connective tissue surrounds each of the erectile tissue column
  4. erection
    1. under parasympathetic control
  5. loss of erection
    1. under sympathetic control
    2. occurs when arteries are constricted
    3. reduccing blood flow to the erectile tissue
53
Q

describe three items that assist with moving the mature immotile spermatozoon

A

The spermatozoon passes through a duct system designed to actively carry it to the exterior of body via

  1. sertoli cells secrete fluid to push the immobile mature spermatozoa
  2. muscles contraction
  3. cilia

they are pushed down to following route

  1. tubuli recti - straight tubules between seminiferous and rete
  2. rete testes-simple cuboidal
  3. efferent ducts-ciliated columnar cells with patches of non ciliated cuboidal cells
54
Q

Sertoli cells secrete fluid, muscles contractions along with cilia assist movment of the mature spermatozoon from the sertoli cell to what 3 locations into the epididymis

A

The spermatozoon passes through a duct system designed to actively carry it to the exterior of body via

  1. sertoli cells secrete fluid to push the immobile mature spermatozoa
  2. muscles contraction
  3. cilia

they are pushed down to following route

  1. tubuli recti - straight tubules between seminiferous and rete
  2. rete testes-simple cuboidal
  3. efferent ducts-ciliated columnar cells with patches of non ciliated cuboidal cells

2020 MHS Physiology unit 3 (5 decks)

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