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3rd Block > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the testes?

A

Produce sperm and the make sex hormone, testoserone

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2
Q

What are the functions of ducts in the male reproductive system?

A

Ducts transport, store and assist in maturation of sperm

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3
Q

What is the function of accessory sex organs in the male reproductive system?

A

Secrete most of the liquid portion of semen

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4
Q

The penis contains______ _________ a passageway for _________ of _______ and __________ of _________

A

The urethra

Ejaculation

Semen

Excretion

Urine

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5
Q

What are the supporting structures of the male reproductive system and what are ther functions?

A

Penis- delivers sperm to the female reproductive system

Scrotum- supports the testes

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6
Q

What are the 5 ducts thatbmake up the duct system?

A

Urethra

Epidydmis

Ductus deferens

Ejaculatiry duct

Efferent ductules

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7
Q

What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

A

Seminal vesicles

Prostate gland

Bulbourethral gland

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8
Q

What are the functions of Leydig cells and where are they located!

A

SECRETE TESTOSERONE

Are interstitial cells located between adjacent seminiferous tubules

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9
Q

What are the functions of the Sertoli cells?

A
  • Forms the BLOOD-TESTES barrier which isolates the developing gametes from the blood, thus PREVENTING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE against spermatogenic cell’s surface antigens which the immune system recognizes as foreign
  • Secrete inhibin to inhibit FSH secretion
  • Secrete androgen-binding protein which binds to testoserone to keeps its concentration high
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10
Q

What are the types of spermatogenic cells?

A

Spermatogonia( 2n)/stem cells

Primary spermatocytes(2n, 4d)

Secondary spermatocytes (1n, 2d)

  • Spermatids(1n, 1d)
  • Spermatozoa(1n, 1d)
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11
Q

What is the function of mitochondria in the middle piece of spermatozoa?

A

Mitochondria provide ATP for sperm motility

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12
Q

What is the function of the end piece of the tail of spermatozoa?

A

End piece contains core of microtubules and dynein motor proteins

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13
Q

What is the function of the acrosome of spermatozoa?

A

Vesicle contains enzymes required for penetration of the zona pellucida of the oocyte

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14
Q

What is the nucleus of a spermatozoa comprised of?

A

23 condensed chromosomes(22, X or Y)

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15
Q

Explain hormonal secretion of FSH

A
  • Hypothalamus releases GnRH which stimulates gonadotrophs to release LH and FSH
  • LH stimulates testosterone secretion by Leydig cells
  • FSH along with testosterone stimulates spermatogenesis
  • testosterone binds to androgen receptors on spermatogenic cells while FSH binds to FSH receptors on spermatogenic cells
  • Spermatogenic cells release androgen binding protein as well as inhibin.
  • Inhibin decreases FSH release
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16
Q

Explain testosterone release

A
  • GnRH from the hypothalamus stimulates gonadotrophs to release LH
  • LH stimulates testosterone secretion from Leydig cells
  • testosterone acts on spermatogenic cells to stimulate spermatogenesis or act as testosterone/ Duhydrotestosterone and complete a number of other functions?
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17
Q

What are the functions of testoserone?

A
  • Regulates the male pattern of birth
  • Regulates the enlargement of male sex organs and expression of male secondary sex characteristics(starting at puberty)
  • Anabolism (protein synthesis)
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18
Q

Explain the negative feedback control of testosterone

A
  • Increasing blood levels of testosterone inhibit. GnRH release in the hypothalamus
  • this lowers LH in systemic blood, causing Leydig cells in Testes to secrete less testosterone
  • decreased testosterone in blood causes a return to homeostasis
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19
Q

Name the excurrent ducts

A
  1. Efferent ducts
  2. Epididymis
  3. Ductus deferens
  4. Ejaculatory ducts
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20
Q

Name the intratesticular ducts

A

Seminiferous tubules

Straight tubules

Rete testis

21
Q

What are the seminiferous epithelium made up of?

A

Seminiferous epithelium

22
Q

Where are the straight tubule(tubuli recti)?

A

These are the short terminal portion of the seminiferous tubule

23
Q

What do the straight tubules contain?

A

Contain Sertoli cells changing to simple cuboidal

24
Q

What are the efferent ducts made of?

A

Pseudostratifidd columnar epithelium

25
Q

Name the parts of the epidydymis

A

Head, body and tail

26
Q

What is the epididymis comprised of?

A

Psuedostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

27
Q

What is the Vas/Ductus deferens made up of?

A

Psuedostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

28
Q

What are the ejaculatory ducts made up of?

A

Union of the duct of seminal vehicle and ampulla of ductus deferens

29
Q

What is the rete testis? What is it made of?

A

Network of channels and an inter testicular duct

Made of simple cuboidal to low columnar

30
Q

What is the length of development of a normal sperm?

A

65-75 days

31
Q

What are the functions of the seminal vesicles?

A
  • Secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid, fructose
    • this allows ATP production by sperm(motility)
    • this secretion includes prostaglandins and clotting responses
  • Produces about 60% of volume of semen
32
Q

What are the seminal vesicles?

A

Paired glands posterior to bladder

- duct joins ampulla of ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct

33
Q

What are the functions of the prostate glands?

A

Secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid into the prostatic urethra

 - Citric acid for ATP production
 - proteolytic enzymes such as prostate specific antigen(PSA)
 - Acid phosphate
 - Seminaplasmin which is an antibiotic
34
Q

How much of semen by volume is produced by the prostate?

A

25%

35
Q

How much of semen by volume is produced by the seminal vesicles?

A

60%

36
Q

What is the function of the bulbourethral glands?

A

Secretes clear, mucus-like fluid into the urethra

37
Q

Describe the bulbourethral glands

A

Paired glands inferior to prostate on either side of the membranous urethra

38
Q

Describe benign prostatic hypertrophy

A
  • Enlarged prostate gland(not cancerous)

- numerous nodules compress the prostatic urethra

39
Q

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy(BPH) is relatively….

A

Common in men by age 80

40
Q

What are the symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy?

A

Numerous nodules compress the prostatic urethra

  • weak urination
  • difficulty starting and stopping urination
  • urgency or feeling to urinate
  • frequency to urinate
41
Q

Prostate cancer is the ….

A

6th leading cause in cancer deaths in men worldwide

42
Q

What are the risk factors of prostate cancer?

A

Age: rare in men below 40 years

  • Positive family history

Race: Risk is highest in Afro-Caribbean men and Afro-American men

Risk is intermediate among whites but lowest among Asians

43
Q

Describe prostate cancer in the early stages

A

Asymptomatic in early stages

44
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of prostate cancer

A
  • Asymptomatic in early stages
  • when symptomatic, symptoms include:

Poor urinary system

Straining with mictruition

Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying

Terminal dribbling

Symptoms of distant spread(metastasis)

45
Q

What causes erectile dysfunction in most cases?

A

Insufficient release of NO which relaxes the smooth muscles of the penile arterioles and erectile tissue

46
Q

How does viagra enhance smooth muscle contraction?

A

Increase of NO release

47
Q

How do parasympathetic fibers play a role in erection (point and shot)?

A

They initiate and maintain the erection via release of NO to relay smooth muscle of arterioles to relax

Blood vessels dilate,, Einstein are compressed to block blood flow

48
Q

How do sympathetic fibers assist in erection and ejaculation? (Point and shoot)

A

Release of semen

Peristaltic contractions propel semen into the penile(spongy) urethra

Contraction of smooth muscle

Decrease blood flow

Decrease blood pressure

Veins open and drain blood

3rd Block (5 decks)

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