Male Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
testes produces ______ and _____ secreting _______
A
sperm; endocrine cells; testosterone
2
Q
the male gonad
A
testes
3
Q
properl spermatozoa and secretions to the penile urethra
A
genital ducts
4
Q
produce secretions required for sperm activity
A
accessory organs
5
Q
copulatory organ
A
penis
6
Q
fluid + sperm cell
A
semen
7
Q
- production of gametes
- fertilization
- production of sex hormones
A
function of male reproductive system
8
Q
contains testes
A
scrotum
9
Q
the scrotum contains _____ muscle that moves scrotum and testes close or away depending on ______
A
dartos; temperature
10
Q
when it’s hot, scrotum moves ____ from the body
A
away
11
Q
_____ must develop at temperature less than body temperature
A
sperm
12
Q
primary male reproductive organ
A
testes
13
Q
it is the production of sperm
A
spermatogenesis
14
Q
what are the 2 functions of the testes?
A
reproductive and endocrine
15
Q
the testes contan ______ _____ where sperm is produced
A
seminiferous tubules
16
Q
what cells secrete testosterone?
A
innterstitial cell
17
Q
begin of sperm cell
A
germ cells
18
Q
it nouish germ cells and produce hormones
A
sustentacular cells
19
Q
each testis is covered by a dense connective tissue capsule called?
A
Tunica Albuginea
20
Q
Tunica Albuginea thickens on the posterior side to form the ?
A
Mediastinum testis
21
Q
it penetrate the organ to divide in into compartments/ lobule
A
septa
22
Q
each lobule contains highly convoluted ____ ____
A
seminiferous tubules
23
Q
in seminiferous tubules;
- reproductive function is seen _____ here.
- the endocrne function is seen _____ here
A
inside; outside/ in between
24
Q
each os testis consists of ____ seminiferous tubules and a connective tissue stroma
A
1-4
25
leydig cells are aka?
interstitial cells
26
it is found between the seminiferous tubules of the testis; consists of connective tissue containing fibroblasts, lymphatics and blood vessels
interstitial cells
27
round/ polygonal cells with central nucleys and eosinophilic cytoplasm; produce the hormone TESTOSTERONE
Leydig Cell
28
it produces the hormone TESTOSTERONE
Leydig cells/ interstitial cells
29
each seminiferous tubule is lined by a specialized stratified epithelium called as ?
germinal or spermatogenic epithelium
30
____ cells in the walls of the seminiferous tubules allow weak contractions
myoid
31
germinal epithelium consists of 2 types of cells. what are these?
spermatogenic cells and sertoli cell
32
spermatogenic cells from most immature to most mature
spermatogonia, primary spermtocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm cell
33
spermatogonia and primary spermatocyte are produced through?
mitosis
34
primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, and sperm cell are produced through?
meiosis
35
it is the nondividing, columnar cells
sertoli cell/ sustentacular cell
36
sertoli cells aka?
sustentacular cells
37
it functions for support, protection and nutrition of the developing spermatogenic cells
sertoli cell/ sustentacular cell
38
sertoli cells secretes ______ which feeds back on the anterior pituitary to suppress FSH synthesis and release and during fetal development secretes ______ ______ substance that causes regression of the paramesonephric ducts
inhibin; mullerian inhibiting
39
excretory genital ducts
epididymis, ductus/ vas deferens, urethra
40
long, **comma shaped** , highly coiled duct lies in the scrotum along the superior and posterior sides of each testis
epididymis
41
it is the temporary storage of sperm cell, and the site of maturation of sperm cells as well.
epididymis
42
parts of epididymis:
- _____ : where the efferent ductules enter
- body
- _____ : where sperm cells ae stored until ejaculation
head; tail
43
- thread-like tubules on side of each testis
- where seminiferous tubles empty new sperm
- where sperm continue to mature develop ability to swim and bind to oocytes
epididymis
44
ductus deferens are aka
vas deferens
45
it extends from epididymis and joins seminal vesicle
ductus deferens
46
in vasectomy, the ____ is cut.
vas deferens/ ductus deferens
47
- it is a long, straight tube with a thick muscular wall and relatively small lumen, leaves the scrotum and continues toward the prostatic urethra
- forms part of the spermatic cord
ductus/ vas deferens
48
**Ductus/ Vas Deferens** passes over urinary bladder, crosses the ureter and the distal part enlarges as an ______; together with the ducts of the seminal vesicles, it forms the ________ ducts which open into the _____ _____.
Ampulla; ejaculatory ducts; prostatic urethra
49
it extends from urinary bladder to end of penis
urethra
50
it is the passageway for urine and male reproductive fluids (_not at the same time_)
urethra
51
3 parts of urethra
prostatic (prostate gland), membranous, penile/ spongy
52
shortest and longest segment of urethra
shortest - membranous
longest - penile/ spongy
53
the ____ is consists of 3 columns of erectile tissue which fill with blood for erection. what are these 3 columns?
penis; corporus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, spongy urethra
54
the organ that transfer sperm from male to female
penis
55
the organ that excrete urine
penis
56
CONTENTS OF MALE UROGENITAL TRIANGLE - PENIS
it consists of 3 masses of ____. these are;
vascular erectile tissue; paired corpora cavernosa; midline corpora spongiosum which are bounded by Tunica Albuginea
57
head which is formed by the terminal part of the Corpus Spongiosum and is covered by a fold of skin called as PREPUCE with a median ventral fold - FRENULUM
glans penis
58
**glans penis** - head which is formed by the terminal part of the Corpus Spongiosum and is covered by a fold of skin called as ______ with a median ventral fold - _____
PREPUCE; FRENULUM
59
Prominent margin is the ____ with small PREPUTIAL glands(sebaceous glands) located also on the neck of glans penis and inner surface of prepuce which secrete _____
CORONA; SMEGMA
60
consists of 3 cylindrical masses of erectile tissue; 2 dorsal – Corpora Cavernosa and ventral Corpus spongiosum surrounding the urethra
Penis
61
Corpora cavernosa is surrounded by a dense fibroelastic layer called _______ and all three erectile tissues composed of vascular cavernous tissue, smooth muscle and Helicine arteries
Tunica Albuginea
62
**Erection** depends on ______ OF _____ from the PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES
STIMULATION; PARASYMPATHETICS
63
How does parasympathetic stimulation affect the arteries supplying the erectile tissue?
It dilates the arteries, allowing blood to fill the erectile tissues.
64
Which tissues become engorged with blood to cause an erection?
The corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.
65
What effect does venous compression have on maintaining an erection?
It impedes venous return, helping to sustain the erection.
66
Which muscles help maintain a full erection by contracting?
The bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles.
67
it expands which results to dilation of blood vessels
The corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.
68
______ must happen 1st before ______ can occur
(choices: ejaculation, erection)
Erection; ejaculation
69
Having an erection means that you need to ejaculate
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE. Having an erection does NOT mean you need to ejaculate
70
Excitation of SYMPATHETIC FIBERS leading to contraction of the smooth muscles
ejaculation
71
What causes the ejection of secretions during ejaculation?
The _rhythmic contractions_ of the **bulbospongiosus** muscle, which compresses the urethra.
72
Which organs undergo contraction to move sperm and fluids during ejaculation?
The epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland contract due to smooth muscle stimulation.
73
How are sperm moved from the epididymis to the vas deferens and urethra?
Sperm are moved by smooth muscle contractions.
74
What role does the bulbospongiosus muscle play in ejaculation?
It **compresses the urethra,** aiding in the ejection of secretions and sperm.
75
this vesicle is located next to ductus deferens which help form ejaculatory duct .
Seminal Vesicles
76
- surrounds urethra
- size of walnut
prostate gland
77
small mucus secreting glands near base of prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
78
seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland paired or unpaired
seminal vesicles - paired
prostate gland - unpaired
bulbourethral gland - paired
79
mixture of sperm and secretion from glands
semen
80
provides a transport medium and nutrients that protect and activate sperm
semen
81
**Semen**
60% of fluid is from ______ _____
___% of fluid is from prostate gland
5% of fluid is from ______ gland
___% of fluid is from ______
60% of fluid is from _seminal vesicles_
_30%_ of fluid is from prostate gland
5% of fluid is from _bulbourethral_ gland
_5%_ of fluid is from _testes_
82
SEMINAL VESICLES
- provide _______
- contain ______ which _______(increase/ decrease) mucus thickness around cervix and uterine tubes and _help sperm move through female repro. Tract_
- contains _____ that help deliver semen into female
Fructose; prostaglandins; decrease; coagulants
83
_Two lobulated organs_ lying on the posterior surface of bladder; about 2 inches / 5 cm long
seminal vesicles
84
seminal vesicles secrete
* Fluid
* Fructose
* Ascorbic acid
* Amino acids
* Prostaglandins
85
- contains enzymes to liquefy semen after it is inside female
- neutralizes acidity of vagina
Prostate gland
86
neutralize acidity of male urethra and female vagina
bulbourethral gland
87
what is the fibromuscular glandular organ that surrounds the prostatic urethra
prostate gland
88
Where is the prostate gland located?
The prostate gland is located below the neck of the bladder and above the urogenital diaphragm.
89
The prostate produces a thin, milky fluid containing ___ acid and acid _____
citric; phosphatase
90
are calcified secretions found in the prostate gland.
Corpora amylacea
91
How much semen is ejaculated per time, and how many sperm does it contain?
Approximately 2-5 ml of semen is ejaculated, with 1 ml containing about 100 million sperm.
92
How long can sperm live inside the female reproductive system?
Sperm can live for up to 72 hours once inside the female reproductive system.
93
**PATH OF SPERM**
1. Sperm develop in ____ tubules (testes)
2. _____ (where sperm mature)
3. Ductus(Vas) deferens
4. Receive ____ from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland
5. ______ is where semen (sperm) exit body
1. seminiferous
2. Epididymis
3. -
4. secretions
5. Urethra
94
- formation of sperm cells
- begins at puberty
- interstitial cells (in seminal. tubules) increase in number and size
- seminiferous tubules enlarge
- seminiferous tubules produce germ cells and Sustentacular cells
spermatogenesis
95
**Spermatogenesis**
- begins at ____
- seminiferous tubules produce ___ cells and ___ cells
puberty; germ; Sustentacular
96
- sex cells
- sperm in males
- oocytes (eggs) in females
gametes
97
special type of cell division that leads to formation of sex cells
Meiosis
98
Each sperm cell and each oocyte contains __ chromosomes
23`
99
it is determine by the kind of sperm cell that fertilizes the egg cell
sex
100
1. Germ cells
2. Spermatogonia
3. Primary Spermatocytes
4. Secondary Spermatocytes
5. Spermatids
6. Sperm cells
PRODUCTION OF SPERM CELLS
101
SPERM CELL STRUCTURE: it contains a nucleus and DNA
head
102
SPERM CELL STRUCTURE: contain mitochondria
midpiece
103
SPERM CELL STRUCTURE: has flagellum for movement
tail
104
what hormone Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH. what is the source of this hormone?
Gonadotropin releasing hormone; hypothalamus
105
what hormone stimulates secretion of testosterone. what is the source of this hormone?
LH (luteinizing); anterior pituitary gland
106
what hormone prompts spermatogenesis. what is the source of this hormone?
FSH (follicle-stimulating); anterior pituitary gland
107
what hormone is involved in the development and maintenance of reproductive organs. what is the source of this hormone?
Testosterone; Interstitial cells in testes
108
109
110
- sequence of events in which a boy begins to produce male hormones and sperm cells
male puberty
111
- begins at ____ and ends around 18 -
- _______ is major male hormone
- secondary sexual characteristics develop: Ex. Skin texture, fat distribution, hair growth, skeletal muscle growth, and larynx changes
12-14; testosterone
112
occurring commonly in the periurethral glands where it often leads to compression of the urethra and problems in urination
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)
113
occurring mainly in the glands of the peripheral zone
- Elevated levels of PSA indicate abnormal glandular mucosa typically due to prostatic carcinoma
Prostatic carcinoma – (adenocarcinoma)
114
can result from diabetes, anxiety, vascular disorders or nerve damage during prostatectomy
- Drug Sildenafil (Viagra)
Erectile dysfunction/Impotence
115
promotes relaxation in the smooth muscle cells of helicine arteries and erectile tissue and enhances the neural effect to produce or maintain an erection
Drug Sildenafil (Viagra)
116
the accessibility of the ductus / vas deferens in the spermatic cord allows for the most common surgical method of male sterilization
- After the procedure, sperm are still produced but they degenerate and are removed by macrophages in the epididymis
Vasectomy
117
inflammation of the testis, frequently involves the ducts connecting the testis to the epididymis
orchitis
118
Occur secondary to urinary tract infection or sexually transmitted such as Chlamydia or Neisseria gonorrhea infections
Scrotal pain and tenderness
Epididymitis
119
involves germ cell tumors, which only appear after puberty and are more likely to develop with men with untreated cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer
120
failure of one or both testis to descend from the abdomen; bilateral cryptorchidism causes infertility if not surgically corrected
Cryptorchidism
121
accumulation of serous fluid in the scrotal sac
- Scrotal swelling
Hydrocele
122
external urethral orifice is on the VENTRAL side of the glans penis (glandular ), body of penis ( penile ) or junction of penis and scrotum ( penoscrotal )
Hypospadias
123
external urethral orifice is on the DORSAL side of the penis
Epispadias
124
penile anomalies
hypospadias and epispadias
