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Histology 2 > Male Reproductive system > Flashcards

Male Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Main function of the male reproductive tract?

A

Produce spermatozoa
Deliver into the female reproductive tract
Produce androgens

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2
Q

Organs involved in the main functions of the male reproductive tract?

A

Testes, ducts, accessory glands

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3
Q

responsible for puberty in males, male phenotype, sexual development and behavior

A

testosterone

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4
Q

Ducts that transports the sperms from the testes to the urethra are?

A

efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens

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5
Q

Accessory glands that produce the fluids of the semen?

A

seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral glands

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6
Q

Spermatogenesis occurs in the

A

seminiferous tubules

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7
Q

Steroidogenesis occurs in the (this is the tissue that surrounds the seminiferous tubules)

A

Interstitium (also called as Intertubular tissue)

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8
Q

outer mesothelium, Outer layer of the testis

A

Tunica vaginalis

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9
Q

fibrous capsule- makes the mediastinum testis on the posterior side of the testis

A

Tunica albuginea

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10
Q

goes deep inside the albuginea dividing the testis into 250-300 lobes, lobes contain seminiferous tubules which is where spermatogenesis happens

A

Tunica vasculosa

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11
Q

Synthesis and secretion of androgens Is called what?

A

steroidogenesis

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12
Q

Production of spermatozoon/spermatozoa is called what?

A

spermatogenesis

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13
Q

Layer of simple squamous epithelial cells- derived from the embryonic mesoderm. Outer layer of testes

A

Mesothelium

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14
Q

Made of dense fibrous connective tissue+ smooth muscles
Forms mediastinum towards the back of the testis

A

Tunica albuginea

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15
Q

-found towards the back on the testis
-It is a network of fibrous connective tissue that makes hollow passages for sperm to pass through, blood vessels also converge here
-continuous with the tunica albuginea on the outside and tunica vasculosa (the dividing septa) on the inside of the testis

A

Mediastinum

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16
Q

The ends of the seminiferous tubules towards the back of the testis is called the

A

Rete Testis

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17
Q

a complex stratified epithelium. Made of Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells

A

Seminiferous epithelium

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18
Q

Cells mitotically divide and differentiate into primary spermatocytes

A

Type B sperm

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19
Q

ones continue on to become type B spermatogonia

A

Pale Type Sperm (Ap)

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20
Q

are a reserve of cells in case the spermatogenic epithelium is damaged, they help repopulate the epithelium with new Type A spermatogonis cells

A

Dark type Spermatogonia (Ad)

21
Q

what are the 4 stages of spermiogenesis?

A
  1. Formation of acrosome
  2. Condensation and elongation of nucleus
  3. Development of the flagellum
  4. Loss of excess cytoplasm
22
Q

process where the early spermatid transforms morphologically and turns into a streamlined structure called the Spermatozoon

A

spermiogenesis

23
Q

What are the functions of sertoli cells

A

Support spermatogenesis in responses to hormonal regulation of FSH and testosterone

Production of growth factors

Synthesis and secretion of proteins and enzymes

Phagocytosis of degenerating spermatogenic cells

24
Q

Name the 3 cell types in the interstitium

A

Leydig cells/interstitial cells
Peritubular myoid cells
Macrophages, mast cells, fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells

25
Q

Found in the interstitium
Occur singly or in groups
Under the control of Lutenizing hormone
Synthesize and secrete the Testosterone and other non-steroid substances

A

Leydig cells

26
Q

Cause peristaltic waves of contraction that assists in secreting the spermatozoa into the ducts

A

Peritubular myoid cells

27
Q

The hormonal control of sperm production is under the regulation of the ?

A

Hypothalamo-pituitary- gonadal axis

28
Q

The hypothalamus secrete _____________ which signals the pituitary to secrete LH and FSH

A

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

29
Q

) LH secreted by the pituitary, reaches to the Leydig cells via blood and signals the Leydig cells to secrete __________?

A

Testosterone

30
Q

The FSH from the anterior pituitary signals the ___________ in the seminiferous tubules to produce proteins, enzymes, growth factors etc including ‘Androgen binding protein’. __________ use this protein as a receptor to bind to Testosterone.

A

Sertoli cells; Sertoli cells

31
Q

Once the sperm count is high and sufficient, the Sertoli cells secrete a hormone called ____________.

A

Inhibin

32
Q

Inhibin along with the already high levels of testosterone in the Blood, inhibits the ______________ and down regulates their functions. It is a negative feedback loop

A

anterior pituitary and hypothalamus

33
Q

Alternating simple cuboidal and ciliated columnar epithelial cells
Surrounded by circular smooth muscle and loose connective tissue

A

Efferent ductules

34
Q

Absorb excess fluid from the seminiferous tubule, transport sperm to the epididymis

A

efferent ducutles

35
Q

Spermatozoa maturation and storage Occurs in the?

A

Epididymis

36
Q

Sperm take how long to pass through the epididymis?

A

2-4 weeks

37
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium is made of 2 cell types:
1) Columnar principal cells with stereocilia
2) Small round basal cells/ stem cells

What tissue?

A

Epididymis epithelium

38
Q

~15cm long tortuous tubes
-Mucosa is thrown into folds- looks like it is compartmentalized
-Simple columnar OR Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Seminal vesicles

39
Q

Size of a walnut, androgen dependent gland, secretes zinc, citric acid, prostaglandins, proteolytic enzymes

A

Prostate gland

40
Q

Paired round glands, aka Cowper glands
Made of tubuloacinar secretory units, surrounded by smooth muscle
Mainly consists of mucus acini made of simple columnar epithelium
Coats/ lubricates urethra for the passage of the sperm (semen)

A

Bulbourethral gland

41
Q

By the time of ejaculation, spermatozoa have matured and acquired the property of motility; nevertheless, they remain incapable of fertilizing an ovum until after undergoing a process called _________ within the female genital tract.

A

capacitation

42
Q

Meiosis 1 begins in these cells, cell looks very blotchy, large cells, large nucleus, tightly packed thick chromatids clearly observed

A

Primary spermatocyte (PS)

43
Q

basal location, nucleus is evenly stained, comparatively smaller cells

A

Spermatogonia (SG)

44
Q

look distinctly elongated embedded in between the spermatogenic cells inside the tubule

A

Sertoli Cells

45
Q

they are elongated cells present surrounding the tubule along the periphery

A

Peritubular myoid cells (M)

46
Q

Temperature dependent
No cell division is involved
Early spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa

A

Spermiogenesis

47
Q

Testosterone and inhibin inhibit the secretion of GnRH by the ___________ and LH & FSH by the _______.

A

hypothalamus; pituitary

47
Q

Testosterone and inhibin inhibit the secretion of GnRH by the ___________ and LH & FSH by the _______.

A

hypothalamus; pituitary

Histology 2 (3 decks)

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