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Histology 2 > Female Reproductive system > Flashcards

Female Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

A female gamete is called an?

A

oocytes

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2
Q

The outermost protective layer of the ovary is a simple cuboidal epithelial lining. Under it is a layer of dense CT- called the ??

A

Tunica Albuginea

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3
Q

The surface simple cuboidal epithelium of the ovary is also called as ??

A

Germinal Epithelium

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4
Q

The oocytes cells originate from the ??

A

epiblast

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5
Q

highly cellular connective tissue (stroma) that contains ovarian follicles in the ovary is the?

A

Cortex

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6
Q

Loose connective tissue with blood vessels in the ovary is?

A

Medulla

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of follicles in the ovarian cortex?

A

Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Graafian

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8
Q

-Contains one spherical oocyte, ~25 μm in diameter
-Oocyte has a large nucleus containing chromosomes in the prophase I
-Surrounded by a layer of flat granulosa/ follicular cells

What is this?

A

Primordial Follicle

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9
Q

-Can be unilaminar or multilaminar
-Surrounded by a layer of cuboidal granulosa/ follicular cells
-Basement membrane/ basal lamina is present
-Zona pellucida begins to form

What is this?

A

Primary Follicle

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10
Q

Unilaminar primary follicle is made of ??

A

a primary oocyte + single (1) layer of cuboidal granulosa cells

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11
Q

A multilaminar primary follicle which will have

A

a primary oocyte + numerous layers of cuboidal granulosa cells

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12
Q

Once the cuboidal granulosa cells (even a single layer) surround the oocyte, they start to secrete a glycoprotein layer around the oocyte called the ??

A

zona pellucida

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13
Q

-characterized by enlarged ovaries with numerous cysts and an anovulatory state (with no follicles completing maturation successfully and being stuck in the primary follicle stage).
-PCOS is a common cause ofinfertilityin women

A

polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)

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14
Q

Of the 4 zona pellucida glycoproteins, which are sperm receptors and assist in acrosome reaction?

A

ZP3 & ZP4

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15
Q

-Liquid accumulates between the granulosa cells and creates an antrum
-Granulosa cells surrounding the ZP – cumulus oophorus, forms the corona radiata in ovulated oocytes
-Fibroblast- like stromal cells present; differentiate to form the theca cells

What is this?

A

Secondary Follicle

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16
Q

-Big antrum filled with follicular fluid
-Bulges from surface of ovary
-Follicular theca has differentiated into a steroid-secreting theca interna (TI) and a covering theca externa (TE)

What is this?

A

Graafian Follicle

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17
Q

-endocrine tissue – lipid filled vacuoles
-Secretes androstenedione (estrogen precursor)- diffuses through the BM into the granulosa
-made of fibroblasts and smooth muscles

A

Theca Interna

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18
Q

Ovulation normally occurs midway through the menstrual cycle- the ____ day of a typical 28-day cycle

A

14th

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19
Q

-Large temporary endocrine tissue in ovarian cortex
-Made from granulosa and theca interna cells after the release of the oocyte
-Granulosa cells expand in size- now called granulosa luteal cells- make 80% of this tissue
-Theca luteal cells- half the size of individual granulosa luteal cells- make the rest 20%

A

Corpus Luteum (CL)

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20
Q

CL degenerates if fertilization does not happen. Turns into ______

-is the scar of connective tissue. It contains mostly collagen, with few fibroblasts

A

Corpus Albicans (CA)

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21
Q

~12cm long muscular tube

-Supported by mesenteries and ligaments

-Opens in the peritoneal cavity near the ovary

-Function: Catch the ovulated secondary oocyte, nourish both the oocyte and sperm, provide the microenvironment for fertilization, and transport the embryo undergoing cleavage to the uterus

A

Fallopian Tube / Uterine Tube / Oviduct

22
Q

What are the 4 parts to the fallopian tube?

A

Infundibulum, Ampulla, Isthmus, Uterine part

23
Q

funnel shaped opening, terminal end- has fimbriae

A

Infundibulum

24
Q

longest, expanded area of the oviduct, fertilization happens here

A

Ampulla

25
Q

Narrow tube near the uterus

A

isthmus

26
Q

passes through the uterus, opens inside it

A

uterine part

27
Q

This tissue in the fallopian tube is made of-
Simple columnar epithelium
Epithelium made of 2 types of cell:
1) Ciliated cells (CC)
2) Secretory peg cells (PC)

What tissue type is this?

A

Mucosa

28
Q

The height of the _____________ changes depending on the hormones, they are the most active and tall right after ovulation when their function is needed the most to nourish the passing ovum.

A

secretory peg cells

29
Q

Both the ciliated and secretory peg cells undergo hypertrophy under the effect of ???

A

estrogen

30
Q

What are the 4 major events of fertilizaiton?

A
  1. Occurs in ampulla of fallopian tube
  2. Ony a few hundred sperm reach the ampulla
  3. Only capacitated sperm can fertilize
  4. The acrosome reaction occurs when the sperm contact the corona radiata
31
Q

Sperm head releases hyaluronidase by exocytosis, penetrates corona radiata

A

acrosome reaction

32
Q

-Specific sperm proteins bind to ZP3 and ZP4- sperm releases acrosin- penetrates zona pellucida

-First sperm fuses with oocyte plasma membrane- triggers the release of cortical granules from the oocyte- causes ZP to become impermeable

-Secondary oocyte completes its Meiosis II – female pronucleus- fusion with male pronucleus- forms a new diploid cell called the ZYGOTE

What are these?

A

Major events of fertilization

33
Q

What are the layers to the wall of the uterus?

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

34
Q

-What layer of the uterus is made of simple columnar epithelium?
-Is made largely of lamina propria and uterine glands

A

Endometrium

35
Q

What layer of the uterus is very thick smooth muscle, and is highly vascularized?

A

Myometrium

36
Q

What layer of the uterus is connective tissue and covered by mesothelium?

A

Perimetrium

37
Q

What are the two zones of the endometrium?

A

Stratum functionalis
Stratum basalis

38
Q

What layer of the endometrium is replaced every menstrual cycle?

A

Stratum functionalis

39
Q

The uterus undergoes what process after child birth to shrink back to pre-pregnancy size?

A

Apoptosis

40
Q

What is the progression of blood supply to the uterus?

A

Arcuate arteries
Radial Arteries
Straight Arteries (stratum Basalis)
Spiral Arteries (Stratum functionalis)

41
Q

Facilitates exchange of nutrients, waste, O2 and CO2 between fetus and mother

A

Placenta

42
Q

The fetal part of the placenta is called the ?

A

Chorion

43
Q

The maternal part of the placenta is called the?

A

Decidua basalis

44
Q

Placenta is also an endocrine organ- producing what hormones?

A

HCG and various growth factors, in addition to estrogen and progesterone

45
Q

Placenta is also an endocrine organ- producing what hormones?

A

HCG
various growth factors
estrogen
progesterone

46
Q

layers that make the placental barrier are?

A

Endothelium of fetal blood vessels
CT (only in early stages)
Cytotrophoblsts
syncytiotrophoblasts

47
Q

he placenta regulates exchange of nutrients and gases between maternal and fetal blood and produces hormones essential to maintain pregnancy. The placental cell lineage primarily responsible for performing these functions is a multinucleated entity called

A

syncytiotrophoblasts

48
Q

Single layer of cuboidal epithelium
Inside is composed of Mesenchyme (Wharton’s jelly)
Two arteries and one vein

A

umbilical cord

49
Q

the lower portion of the uterus
85% dense connective tissue
Simple columnar epithelium+ thick lamina propria
Cervical glands – branched mucous secreting glands

A

Cervix

50
Q

Each lobule has its own excretory lactiferous duct, which emerges at the nipple

At puberty its growth occurs due to an increase in adipose and connective tissue

A

mammary gland

51
Q

Cortical granules play a role in preventing what from happening in fertilization?

A

Polyspermy

52
Q

Graafian and secondary follicles fall into the category of _____ follicles because they have developed a gap in the cell/tissue.

A

Antral Follicle (developed an antrum)

Histology 2 (3 decks)

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