Male Reproductive System

Question 1

semen is formed in ___

Answer 1

prostatic urethra

Question 2

follow sperm from testis → out of body

Answer 2

testis, epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla of vas deferens, ejaculatory duct at end of vas deferens, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra, out of body

Question 3

what is semen

Answer 3

mixture of prostatic gland’s secretion, bulbo-urethral gland, seminal vesicle’s secretion, and sperm from epididymis

Question 4

what is superficial to the tunica albuginea of the testes?

Answer 4

tunica vaginalis (a couple layers)

Question 5

contraction of cremaster muscle occurs when?

Answer 5

when it is cold, to draw testes closer to body and increase temp

Question 6

past which structure does the membranous urethra travel?

Answer 6

the urogenital diaphragm (pelvic floor muscles)

Question 7

where does the bulbourethral gland’s secretion enter? What is the purpose of its secretion?

Answer 7

spongy urethra at root of penis

alkaline to neutralize acidity of urethra & lubricate glans penis during copulation

Question 8

purpose of corpus spongiosum

Answer 8

keep urethra from collapsing

Question 9

tissue type of cremaster muscle and dartos muscle

Answer 9

cremaster - skeletal (but not super voluntary, mostly reflexive)

dartos - smooth

Question 10

why is the testicular artery surrounded by venous plexus

Answer 10

the pampiniform venous plexus absorbs heat from blood from artery so that it cools for the testes

Question 11

what is the rete testis?

Answer 11

series of ducts that are going to take the sperm from testes to epididymis

Question 12

mitosis vs. meiosis during spermatogenesis

Answer 12

mitosis does not change the number of chromosomes, it makes an exact copy (cloning) of the diploid (2n) cell

meiosis I divides the 46 chromosomes into two to make haploid (n) cells (cut cell in half)

meiosis II: 2 haploid (n) cells each make 2 more non-identical haploid cells

result is 4 daughter cells (spermatids) that are not identical to one another or parent cells (genetic variation)

Question 13

where in the body does the spermatid finish its maturation?

Answer 13

inferior part of epididymis

Question 14

how long does spermatogenesis take

Answer 14

64-72 days

Question 15

physiology of myoid cells

Answer 15

contractile to squeeze sperm out of testes

Question 16

results of meiosis in males

Answer 16

4 round early spermatid cells near lumen of tubule, which will enter into spermeogenesis and become late spermatids

Question 17

sertoli cells

Answer 17

• in testes
• extremely large, extend long arm projections between and around cells, envelop all the other cells
• help form wall of seminiferous tubules,
• produce testicular fluid as transport medium
• blood testis barrier
  
  • connected to one another via tight junctions to make mostly impermeable barrier
  • protects sperm from male immune system
• help testosterone get from IS fluid to lumen by producing androgen binding protein
  
  • production of ABP enhanced by FSH
• produce inhibin when lumen is full of sperm and more when there is more frequent ejac.

Question 18

what is significant about the cells that are between the seminiferous tubules? what are they called?

Answer 18

interstitial cells; produce testosterone for spermatogenesis

Question 19

During spermatogenesis, which cells remains at the basal lamina to continue the pool of dividing cells?

Answer 19

type A daughter cells

Question 20

how long for sperm to move through epididymis?

Answer 20

non-motile, so about 20 days

Question 21

function of stereocilia of epididymis

Answer 21

non-motile, specialized for reabsorption of testicular fluid surrounding spermatozoa when they came out of seminiferous tubules, secrete nutrients for spermatozoa

Question 22

what two structures form the ejactulatory duct?

Answer 22

duct of seminal vesicle + vas deferens

Question 23

semen recipe

Answer 23

seminal fluid, sperm, fluid from prostate gland

Question 24

name the four structures with the following functions

Answer 24

Question 25

seminal vesicles and fluid

Answer 25

70% of semen volume

alkaline, contains fructose for sperm fuel

Question 26

prostate gland

how much of the volume of semen, what does it produce, and where is it?

Answer 26

⅓ of semen volume,

secretes slightly acidic fluid with enzymes to activate sperm and PSA (prostate-specific antigens)

Question 27

bulbourethral glands

Answer 27

inferior to prostate

produce thick clear mucus to lubricate glans of penis and neutralize urethra (from urine)

Question 28

correct pathway for sperm cells as they are formed and exit the body.

Answer 28

Question 29

Which duct empties into the spongy urethra? Which duct empties into the prostatic urethra?

Answer 29

bulbourethral gland → spongy urethra

ejaculatory gland → prostatic urethra

Question 30

dartos muscle function

Answer 30

wrinkle scrotum

Question 31

use anat. terms to describe seminal glands’ locations

Answer 31

bilateral, posterior and inferior to bladder, superior to prostate (empty into prostatic urethra)

Question 32

order of development (with correct vocab term) for sperm cells

Answer 32

spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, early spermatid, late spermatid, spermatozoa (sperm cells)