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Endocrine And Reproduction Exam #2 > Male Reproductive Histology > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What surrounds the testes?

A

Tunica albuginea

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2
Q

How is the mediastinum testis formed?

A

The mediastinum testis is a posterior thickening of the tunica albuginea.

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3
Q

Visceral and parietal layers of tunica vaginalis

A

Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis covers the tunica albuginea.
Parietal layer lines the scrotum.

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4
Q

What cells are part of the seminiferous epithelium?

A

Somatic Sertoli cells

Spermatogenic cells

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5
Q

Where are interstitial cells of Leydig found?

A

Between the seminiferous tubules.

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6
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Columnar cells w/ extensive processes that surround spermatogenic cells and occupy spaces between them.

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7
Q

Spermatogenic cells function

A

Replicate and differentiate into mature sperm

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8
Q

Which spermatogenic cells are considered to be most immature? Mature?
Where are they located?

A

Spermatogonia are most immature and are on the basal lamina.

Spermatids are most mature and they are on the apical portion of the Sertoli cells.

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9
Q

What separates the seminiferous epithelium into basal and luminal compartments AND is the site of the blood-testis barrier?

A

Sertoli cell-to-Sertoli cell junctional complexes

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10
Q

Where are spermatogonia and early spermatocytes restricted?

Where are mature spermatocytes and spermatids restricted?

A

The basal compartment (between SC-to-SC junctions and basal lamina).
The luminal compartment.

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11
Q

In which compartment does meiosis and spermiogenesis occur?

A

The luminal compartment

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12
Q

Sertoli cells function as:

A

“Nurse cells”.
They function in exchange of substrates/wastes.
Phagocytose cells that fail to differentiate.

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13
Q

What do interstitial cells of Leydig produce?

A

Testosterone

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14
Q

Type A spermatogonia

A

Clonally divide.

Generates copies of itself and/or differentiates into type B spermatogonia.

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15
Q

Type B spermatogonia

A

Divide (mitosis) and immediately enter meiotic prophase as primary spermatocytes.
Ensures 2x DNA when starting meiotic prophase.

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16
Q

Divisions of spermatocytes

A

Primary spermatocytes –> 2 secondary spermatocytes

Secondary spermatocytes –> 2 spermatids

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17
Q

Where are round (early) spermatids housed?

A

In the niches of the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells

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18
Q

Where are elongated (late) spermatids housed?

A

The crypts, or deep invaginations of Sertoli cells.

19
Q

What is the process of releasing mature spermatids?

A

Spermiation

20
Q

Phases of spermiation

A

Golgi phase - enzymes move golgi to acrosome. Axoneme begins to develop.
Cap phase - acrosome forms a cap. Spermatid rotates.
Acrosomal phase - Manchette develops. Axoneme extends and flagellum grows.
Maturation phase - unneeded cytoplasm is shed as residual body and intercellular bridges are lost. Mature, but not yet functional sperm released.

21
Q

Middle piece of the tail of the sperm contains: (3)

A

Helical mitochondrial sheath
Axoneme
Outer dense fibers

22
Q

Principal piece of the tail of the sperm contains: (1)

A

Central axoneme surrounded by a fibrous sheath which helps with motility.

23
Q

End piece of the tail of the sperm contains: (1)

A

Only the axoneme

24
Q

Sperm transport pathway

A 
Straight tubules
Rete testis
Efferent ductules
Epidydmal duct
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
25
Q

Where are the rete testis? What do they do?

A

They are in the mediastinum testis and collect sperm from seminiferous tubules

26
Q

Epithelium of epididymis

A

Pseudostratified colmnar w/ branched stereocilia.

27
Q

Principal cells and basal cells of the epididymis

A

Principle cells - columnar cells extending from lumen to basal lamina w/ stereocilia.
Basal cells - undifferentiated precursors of principal cells.

28
Q

Vas deferens histology

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelia.
Contains a muscular wall of inner and outer longitudinal layers and a middle circular layer.
External layer has loose CT and adipocytes.

29
Q

Ampulla of vas deferens

A

Dilated part of vas deferens that leads directly into the prostate

30
Q

Function of the seminal vesicles

A

Secrete an alkaline fluid rich in Fru and PGs.
They DO NOT store sperm.
Contract during ejaculation and contributes 75% to semen.

31
Q

What is the prostatic urethra the end site for?

A

End site of prostatic ducts (prostate secretions) and ejaculatory ducts (from vas defeens and seminal vesicles)

32
Q

Percentage of glandular tissue in te central zone, transition zone and peripheral zone of the prostate:

A

CZ: 25%
TZ: 5%
PZ: 70%

33
Q

Where are the branched tubuloalveolar glands located?

A

Prostate

34
Q

What epithelium lines the glands of the prostate?

A

Simple columnar or pseudostratified epithelium

35
Q

Corpora amylacea

A

Found in the lumen of the prostate and are areas rich in glycoproteins and Ca2+ deposits.

36
Q

What is the function of prostate fluid?

A

It is a zinc-rich alkaline fluid that neutralizes the alkaline vaginal content.
Also provides nutrients and transports sperm and liquefies semen.

37
Q

Benign prostatic hypertrophy occurs in which zones of the prostate?

A

Almost exclusively in the transitional and periurethral zones and can lead to obstruction of urethra.

38
Q

Cancer of the prostate develops in:

How can it be diagnosed?

A

Usually in the peripheral zone of the gland.

PSA used as a screening, but DRE is also used.

39
Q

Bulbourethral glands are what kind of glands?
What H are the under the control of?
Epithelium?

A

Compound tubuloalveolar glands.
Under control of testosterone.
Simple columnar epithelium.

40
Q

What is the secretion of the bulbourethral gland made of?

What is the function of the sceretion?

A

Contains galactose, galactosamine, sialic acid and methylpentose.
Major component of preseminal fluid. Helps to lubricate the peniile urethra to neutralize the acidic urine.

41
Q

3 erectile tissues of the penis

A

2 corpus cavernosa

1 ventral corpus spngiusum

42
Q

Which arteries allow blood flow to produce an erection?

A

Helicine arteries

43
Q

How is an erection produced?

A
  1. Sexual stimulation via brain to ANS of the penis.
  2. Dorsal nerve of the penis produces NO.
  3. NO spreads to the SM around blood sinusoids.
  4. NO activates guanylyl cyclase to produce cGMP from GTP.
  5. cGMP causes relaxation of SM –> accumulation of blood in sinusoids. Sinusoids engorge compress venous drainage.

Endocrine And Reproduction Exam #2 (6 decks)

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