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Endocrine And Reproduction Exam #2 > Development of the Genital System > Flashcards

Development of the Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the coelomic epithelium?

What does it give rise to?

A

Outer somatic mesoderm that lines the urogenital ridge.

Primary sex cords.

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2
Q

Where are the primordial germ cells found?

A

In the allantois/yolk sac endoderm.

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3
Q

Primordial germ cells of men and women:

A

Men: Sertoli cells and Leydig cells.
Women: follicle cells and thecal cells.

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4
Q

Migration of gametes and timeline

A

Arise from the epiblast in wk 2 and migrate through the primitive streak in wk 3 to reside in the yolk sac and allantois.
MIgrate back via dorsal mesentary in wk 5.
Colonize the primary sex cords in wk 6.

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5
Q 
Amount of oogonia in:
5th prenatal month
Birth
Puberty
Released
A

5th prenatal month: 6 million
Birth: 1 million
Puberty: 40K
Released: 400

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6
Q

Central event of sex determination:

Secondary events of sex determination:

A

Central event is the differentiation of the testes.

Secondary events are the production of humoral factors by gonads.

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7
Q

SRY gene

A

Upregulates testis-specific genes

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8
Q

XY mice w/o SRY

XX mice w/ SRY

A

Will demonstrate the opposite sex’s characteristics but are sterile. Not hermaphrodites.

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9
Q

Draw the pathway of sex determination in men

A

Notes

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10
Q

Draw the pathway of sex determination in women

A

Notes

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11
Q

What happens when the is no AMH in males?

A

Male and female internal genitalia w/ male external genitalia.

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12
Q

What happens in a 5a-reductase deficiency (no DHT) in males?

A

Male internal genitalia w/ ambiguous/female external genitalia.

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13
Q

When does gonadal development occur?

A

Wk 5

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14
Q

Primary sex cords (medulla) does what in males and females?

A

Persists in males

Degenerates in females

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15
Q

What do the primary sex cords become in males?

A

Seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells

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16
Q

Connective tissue in the males becomes?

A

Leydig cells and tunica albuginea

17
Q

Secondary sex cords (cortical cords) becomes what in females?

A

Primordial follicles and granulosa cells

18
Q

Thecal cells are from:

A

Intermediate mesoderm

19
Q

What happens to the mesonephric ducts in males and females?

A

Stays in males.

Degenerates in females to form epoophoron and paraophoron.

20
Q

What happens to the paramesonephric ducts in males and females?

A

Degenerates in males and persists in females.

21
Q

Mesonephric duct in males becomes (4)

A

Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
Ejaculatory duct

22
Q

Mesonephric tubules in males becomes (2)

A

Efferent ducts

Rete testis

23
Q

How do the paramesonephric ducts create the uterine tubes and uterovaginal primordium?

A

Cranially, they remain separated to form the uterine tubes, and caudally they fuse to form the uterovaginal primordium.

24
Q

How is the sinus tubercle produced?

A

The caudal portion of the paramesonephric duct (uterovaginal primordium) projects into the urogenital sinus (bladder) to create the sinus tubercle.

25
Q

Formation of what is induced by the sinus tubercle?

What does it fuse to form?

A

Induces formation sinovaginal bulbs (endodermal outgrowths) which fuse to form the vaginal plate (precursor of vagina).

26
Q

How does the vaginal plate form the mature vagina?

A

Epithelium will proliferate, then re-canalize to form the lumen of the vagina.

27
Q

Prostate is from:

A

Pelvic part of urogenital sinus (endoderm) and splanchnic mesoderm (smooth muscle and CT).

28
Q

Bulbourethral glands are from:

A

Phallic part of urogenital sinus (endoderm) and splanchnic mesoderm (smooth muscle and CT).

29
Q

What hormone influences differentiation of male external genitalia?

A

DHT

30
Q

Genital tubercle in males becomes:

In females:

A

Glans penis

Glans clitoris

31
Q

Urethral (UG) folds in males becomes: (3)

In females: (1)

A

Lateral walls of urethra
Spongy urethra
Penile raphe

Frenulum of labia minora

32
Q

Labioscrotal swellings in men becomes:

In females: (2)

A

Scrotum

Labium majus
Mons pubis

33
Q

What hormone influences differentiation of female external genitalia?

A

Estrogen

34
Q

What causes the completion of the spongy urethra?

A

Fusion of UG (urethral) folds.

35
Q

What is the navicular fossa and how is it formed?

A

It is the spongy urethra at the glans penis.

It is formed by surface ectoderm.

36
Q

Hypospadias is caused by:

A

Failure of the urogenital (urethral) folds close or the labioscrotal swellings to close.

37
Q

How is epispadias caused?

A

Improper location of genital tubercles to cloacal membrane.

Associated with bladder problems.

38
Q

What does the gubernaculum form in females?

A

The cranial part forms the ovarian l. and the caudal part becomes the round l. of the uterus.

39
Q

How is the broad l. formed?

A

Fusion of the paramesonephric ducts

Endocrine And Reproduction Exam #2 (6 decks)

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