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Reproductive system > Male reproductive anatomy/histology > Flashcards

Male reproductive anatomy/histology Flashcards

1
Q

Contents of the root of the penis

A
  • 2 crura
  • Bulb
  • Ischiocavernosus
  • Bulbospongiosus
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2
Q

Contents of the body of the penis

A
  • 2 corpora cavernosa

- Corpus spongiosum

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3
Q

What is the glans penis?

A
  • The head of the penis - contains external urethral meatus

- Formed from expansion of corpus spongiosum

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4
Q

What are the three fascia of the penis?

A
  • Colles’ fascia
  • Buck’s fascia
  • Tunica albuginea
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5
Q

What is Colles’ fascia continuous with?

A

Scarpa’s fascia

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6
Q

What is Buck’s fascia continuous with?

A

Deep perineal fascia

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7
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

Capsule around each cavernous body in the penis.

Fused along the midline at the septum

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8
Q

What ligaments are in the penis?

A

Suspensory ligament:

  • Condensation of deep fascia
  • Connects erectile bodies to pubic symphysis

Fundiform ligament:

  • Condensation of abdominal subcutaneous tissue
  • Surrounds penis like a sling
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9
Q

4 paths of arterial supply to the penis

A
  • Dorsal arteries of the penis
  • Deep arteries of the penis
  • Arteries of the bulb of the penis
  • Superficial/Deep branches of the external pudendal
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10
Q

Venous drainage of the penis

A
  • Deep dorsal veins drain the cavernous spaces

- Superficial dorsal veins drain the skin and subcutaneous tissues

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11
Q

Function of the epididymis

A
  • Transport sperm from the testes to the vas deferens

- Stores sperm while it matures

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12
Q

Parts of the epididymis

A
  • Head: from efferent tubules of testes
  • Body: highly coiled duct
  • Tail: origin of vas deferens
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13
Q

Arterial supply of epididymis

A

Testicular arteries (branches of abdominal aorta)

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14
Q

Venous drainage of epididymis

A

Pampiniform plexus drains to the testicular veins

  • Left testicular vein goes to left renal vein
  • Right testicular vein goes to IVC
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15
Q

Lymphatic drainage of epididymis

A

Lumbar and para-aortic lymph nodes

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16
Q

Innervation of the epididymis

A

Testicular plexus provides ANS and sensory fibres

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17
Q

How is temperature regulated in the testes?

A
  • Descent of the testes from abdomen to scrotum via inguinal canal during development
  • Cremaster muscle - raises testes in response to cold, sex or fear
  • Dartos muscle - changes surface area of scrotum in response to change in temperature
  • Pampiniform plexus of testicular veins also has a role
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18
Q

What type of epithelium lines the seminiferous tubules?

A

Complex stratified epithelium (cuboidal cells that can resist stretching and recoiling)

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19
Q

What are peritubular myoid cells?

A

Thin, contractile cells that line the external tubules

They propel spermatozoa towards vas deferens and provide structural support

20
Q

What are Sertoli cells?

A

Tree-shaped columnar cells with tall cytoplasms found within the testes
They respond to FSH

21
Q

What are the functions of Sertoli cells?

A
  • Sex determination (SRY gene = male)
  • Developmental (anti-Mullerian hormone = regression of female organs)
  • Hormone regulation (regulates FSH secretion)
  • Stem cell regulation (GDNF secretion to ensure self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells)
  • Forms blood-testis barrier (protect sperm from immune system)
22
Q

What are Leydig cells?

A
  • Primary component of interstitial space in the testes

- They contain the Crystals of Reinke and have abundant smooth ER

23
Q

What are the functions of Leydig cells?

A
  • Primary source of testosterone in response to luteinising hormone
  • This testosterone will either diffuse into seminiferous tubules or enter peripheral circulation
24
Q

What are the layers of the testes?

A

Tunica vaginalis:

  • Most superficial
  • Parietal and visceral layers separated by thin layer of fluid (excess build up of fluid = hydrocele)

Tunica albuginea:
- Divides testes into lobules by forming septa between each

Tunica vasculosa:

  • Innermost layer
  • Rich vascular supply and connective tissue
25
Q

What are the layers of the scrotum?

A
  • Skin
  • Dartos fascia and muscle
  • External spermatic fascia
  • Cremasteric fascia
  • Internal spermatic fascia
  • Tunica vaginalis
  • Tunica albuginea

Some Derelict English Cunts Invaded The Tunisians

26
Q

Arterial supply to the scrotum

A

Anterior (from ext. pudendal) and posterior (from int. pudendal) scrotal arteries

27
Q

Venous drainage of the scrotum

A

Scrotal veins empty into the external pudendal vein

28
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the scrotum

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

29
Q

Nervous supply to the scrotum

A

Anterior and posterior scrotal nerves

30
Q

Coverings of the spermatic cord

A
  • External spermatic fascia (from ext. oblique)
  • Cremasteric muscle + fascia (from int. oblique)
  • Internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia)
31
Q

Contents of the spermatic cord

A

Vessels:

  • Testicular artery
  • Pampiniform plexus of testicular veins
  • Cremasteric artery and veins
  • Artery to vas deferens

Nerves:

  • Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
  • Autonomic fibres

Vas deferens
Processus vaginalis
Lymphatic vessels

32
Q

What is the epididymis composed of?

A
  • Ciliated pseudostratified squamous epithelium, epithelium becomes cuboidal in the body and tail
  • Peritubular smooth muscle which thickens as it gets closer to the vas deferens
33
Q

What is the course of the vas deferens?

A

Runs deep to scrotal skin though inguinal canal. Joins with duct from seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct. This then joins to the prostatic urethra

34
Q

What are the layers of the vas deferens?

A

Inner: longitudinal smooth muscle
Middle: circular smooth muscle
Outer: longitudinal smooth muscle

35
Q

What lines the lumen of the vas deferens?

A

Mucosa consisting of:

  • Lamina propria
  • Secretory pseudostratified columnar epithelium with apical stereocilia
36
Q

What are the functions of the vas deferens?

A
  • Propulsion of sperm through contractions

- Absorption of sperm

37
Q

What are the seminal vesicles?

A
  • Paired glands that produce the majority of constituents of semen
  • Located between the fundus of the bladder and rectum
  • They have pseudostratified columnar epithelium
38
Q

What is the arterial supply to the seminal vesicles?

A

Arteries are derived from the inferior vesicle, internal pudendal and middle rectal

39
Q

What is contained in the seminal vesicle secretions?

A
  • Fructose
  • Sugars
  • Ascorbic acid
40
Q

Where is the prostate gland located?

A

Inferior to the bladder and superior to the external urethral sphincter

41
Q

What does the prostate gland secrete?

A
  • Citric acid
  • Seminal plasmin
  • Prostate specific antigen (used to screen for prostate cancer)
42
Q

What is the prostate gland?

A

It is the largest accessory gland. It has cuboidal, columnar and pseudostratified epithelium

43
Q

Enlargement of the prostate gland

A
  • Typically enlarges with age
  • Median lobe more commonly affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • Outer zone susceptible to inflammation and cancer; zone around urethra also commonly enlarges
  • Testosterone stimulates growth of the prostate
44
Q

Neurovasculature of the prostate gland

A

Arteries:
- Prostatic arteries

Venous drainage:
- Prostatic venous plexus

Innervation:
- Inferior hypogastric plexus

45
Q

What is a risk of a radical prostatectomy?

A
  • Prostate is surrounded by nerves that are responsible for erections
  • They can be damaged in the operation
46
Q

What are the bulbourethral glands?

A
  • Aka Cowper’s glands
  • Posterolateral to membranous urethra
  • Contain tubuloalveolar glands lined by columnar epithelium
  • Secrete lubricating mucous that is included in semen

Reproductive system (9 decks)

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