Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
What are the male reproductive organs?
Testes
What are the male reproductive accessory organs?
Vas deferens
Seminal glands
Prostate gland
Penis
State the aproximate length of the male urethrs
20cm
Which muscle split the pelvis and perineum?
Levator ani muscle
List parts of the male lower urinary tract in the pelvis
Ureter Bladder Internal urethral orifice Internal urethral sphincter Prostate gland Prostatic urethra
List parts of the male lower urinary tract in the perineum
Prostatic urethra
External urethral sphincter
Spongy urethra
External urethral orifice
The internal urethral sphincter is voluntary/ involuntary, but the external urethral sphincter is voluntary/ involuntary
Involuntary
Voluntary
Which structures are located anterior, inferior and posterior to the bladder respectively?
Pubic bone (when empty)
Prostate gland
Rectum
State the name of the main peritoneal pouch found in males
Rectovesical pouch
State the name of the triangle shape on the internal aspect of the bladder
Trigone
List the components of the trigone of the bladder
2 ureteric orifices in the base (posterior)
Internal urethral orifice on the floor (inferior)
The bladder wall is formed mainly of what muscle? What is it’s functions?
Detrusor muscle
Fibres tighten around ureteric orifices when bladder contracts, prevents reflux of urine
Forms internal urethral sphincter around neck of male bladder, which contracts to prevent retrograde ejaculation
Outline the route taken by the testes during development
Posterior wall of abdominal cavity –> Inguinal canal –> Spermatic cord –>
Descend into the scrotum
List the components of the spermatic cord
Testicular artery Testicular vein Vas deferens Lymphatic vessels Nerves (autonomic - vas deferens, somatic - cremaster muscle)
In terms of testis development, what is the significance of the spermatic cord?
Three layers of coverings gained as the testis pass through the inguinal canal and the structures contained within
Inside the scrotum, what sac do the testis sit within?
Tunica vaginalis (visceral and parietal layer)
Excessive fluid within the tunica vaginalis is known as a…
Hydrocele
What structure sits posterior to the testis within the tunica vaginalis?
Epididymis
Sperm is produced within the…
Seminiferous tubules
What is the function of the dartos muscle in spermatogenesis? Where is it located?
Smooth muscle that helps to control scrotal temperature 1 degree below core body temperature
Superficial fascia of scrotum
Where does the sperm pass to after leaving the seminiferous tubules before reaching the vas deferens?
Rete testis –> Epididymis –> Vas deferens
The testis and epididymis are attached to the spermatic cord superiorly allowing them to be mobile within the scortum. What is the clinical significance of this?
Risk of torsion which can disrupt blood supply to testis causing severe pain and danger of necrosis
Outline blood supply to testis
Testicular arteries from lateral aspect of abdominal aorta
Outline venous drainage from the testis
Left testicular vein to left renal vein
Right testicular vein to IVC
What is the function of the seminal gland?
Produces seminal fluid, rich in fructose
What are the functions of the prostatic urethra?
Drains urine from bladder
Passes semen in ejaculation
What is the function of the bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland)?
Mucous secretion, lubricates urethra and neutralises acidity
The inferior aspect of the prostate gland is in contact with which muscle?
Levator ani
What is the function of the prostatic ducts?
Allow glandular secretions to drain from prostate to the prostatic urethra
State the components of the ejaculatory duct?
Combined duct of vas deferens and duct from seminal gland
State the zone of the prostate gland which facilitates the growth of most prostate cancers
Peripheral zone
Outline the route taken by sperm from the vas deferens to ejaculation
Vas deferens –> Spermatic cord –> through deep inguinal ring turning medially in pelvis –> posterior to bladder –>
Joins with seminal gland –>
Ejaculatory duct –>
Right + left ejaculatory ducts join in prostate gland –>
Urethra –>
External urethral meatus
State the process used in male sterilisation and describe how it is performed
Vasectomy
Vas deferens is transected and its lumen sutured closed bilaterally
The anatomical position of the penis is erect. True/ False?
True
Anterior surface is underneath
What is paraphimosis? How is it managed?
Retraction of the prepuce of the penis can constrict the neck of the glans causing swelling
Circumcision
Outline the surface anatomy of the penis from superior to inferior
Root
Body
Glans
External urethral orifice
The spongy urethra is for passing urine and ejaculation of sperm. True/ False?
True
The root of the penis is laterally attached to which structure?
Ischium of pelvis
Outline the cylinders of erectile tissue within the penis
Corpus cavernosum (R+L) - posterior Corpus spongiousum - anterior
What happens to the cylinders of erectile tissue during erection?
Become engorged with blood at arterial pressure
What is contained within the corpus cavernosum of the penis?
Deep arteries
What is contained within the corpus spongiosum of the penis?
Spongy urethra
Where is the superficial perineal pouch located in men?
Lies below the perineal membrane
What is contained within the superficial perineal pouch?
Bulb - corpus spongiosum, crura, corpus cavernosum
Associated muscles - bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus
Outline the blood supply to the penis
DEEP ARTERIES OF PENIS
Internal iliac artery –> internal pudenal artery branches
Outline blood supply to the scrotum
External iliac artery –> Internal pudenal artery and branches
Lymph from scrotum and most of penis (not glans) drains to…
Superficial inguinal nodes in the superficial fascia of groin
Lymph from testis drains to…
Lumbar nodes around abdominal aorta
