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Basic Human Reproduction > Male Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the inguinal canal?

A

4cm

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2
Q

When do the testis usually enter the inguinal canal?

A

Week 28

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3
Q

When do the testis find themselves in the scrotum?

A

Week 32

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4
Q

How long does it take to traverse the inguinal canal?

A

3 days

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5
Q

What is the gubernaculum?

A

A thick guide wire that connects the testes to the anterolateral abdominal wall at the site of the future deep ring of the inguinal canal

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6
Q

Where does the gubernaculum attach the testes to?

A

The anterolateral abdominal wall

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7
Q

Where is the embryological origin of the testes?

A

The extraperitoneal, superior lumbar, posterior abdominal wall

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8
Q

What is the processes vaginalis?

A

= a diverticulum of the peritonium

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9
Q

Whom are at risk of hydroceles and indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Men in whom the stalk of the processus vaginalis has not occluded

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10
Q

What does the distal secular part of the processes vaginalis form?

A

The tunica vaginalis

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11
Q

What is the position of the deep inguinal ring?

A

Superior to the mid-inguinal ligament, lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

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12
Q

What is the position of the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Lateral crus = attached to the pic tubercle. Medial crus = attached to the pubic crest

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13
Q

What does the superficial inguinal ring open out of?

A

The external aponeurosis

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14
Q

What are the fascial coverings of the spermatic cord?

A

Internal spermatic fascia + cremasteric fascia + external spermatic fascia

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15
Q

From what is the external spermatic fascia formed?

A

External oblique aponeurosis

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16
Q

From what is the internal spermatic fascia formed?

A

Transversalis fascia

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17
Q

From what is the cremasteric fascia formed?

A

Fascia from the superficial and deep surfaces of the internal oblique muscle

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18
Q

What is the contents of the spermatic cord?

A

1) vas deferens; 2) pampiniform plexus of veins; 3) lymphatics; 4) processus vaginalis; 5) genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve; 6) sympathetic nerve fibres; 7) testicular artery; 8) artery of the ductus deferens; 9) cremasteric artery

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19
Q

What are the layer of the scrotum?

A

Skin — Scarpa fascia — dartos fascia (containing dartos muscle fibres) — Colles fascia — deep fascia (1. external spermatic fascia; 2. cremasteric fascia; 3. internal spermatic fascia)

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20
Q

From what does the perineal artery branch from?

A

The internal pudendal artery, from the internal iliac artery

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21
Q

From what does the deep external pudendal artery branch from?

A

The femoral artery, from the external iliac artery

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22
Q

What is the blood supply to the scrotum?

A

1) Posterior scrotal branches of the perineal artery; 2) anterior scrotal branches of the deep external pudendal artery; 3) cremasteric artery

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23
Q

Which testis is suspended lower than the other?

A

L

24
Q

What is the purpose of the fluid in the tunica vaginalis?

A

Free movement of the testes within the scrotum

25
Q

What is the capsule of dense connective tissue that surrounds the testes?

A

Tunica albuginea

26
Q

What shape of the testicular lobules?

A

Pyramidal

27
Q

How is testis temperature regulated?

A

Dartos muscle + cremaster muscle + counter-current mechanism of the pampiniform plexus of veins

28
Q

How many seminiferous tubules are contained within a testicular lobule?

A

1-4

29
Q

What are the layers of the tunica vaginalis?

A

Outer parietal layer (lining the scrotum) + inner visceral layer (covering the tunica albuginea)

30
Q

How long is the epididymis?

A

4-5m

31
Q

How long are the seminal vesicles?

A

15cm

32
Q

What % of semen do seminal vesicles contribute?

A

60%

33
Q

What do seminal vesicles contribute to semen?

A

Flavins
Fructose
Ascoribic acid

34
Q

What % of semen does the prostate contribute?

A

20%

35
Q

What does the prostate contribute to semen?

A

Zinc

36
Q

What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

A

1) Seminal vesicles; 2) prostate gland; 3) bulbourethral glands

37
Q

What is the alternative name for the bulbourethral glands?

A

Cowper glands

38
Q

What % of semen do the bulbourethral glands contribute?

A

<5%

39
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands contribute to semen?

A

Alkaline mucus

40
Q

What % of semen does the testes contribute?

A

15%

41
Q

What does the testes contribute to semen?

A

Sperm

42
Q

What % of semen do the epididymis’ contribute ?

A

<5%

43
Q

What are the zones of the prostate?

A

Transition zone = 5% (in which the prostatic urethra runs); central zone = 25%; peripheral zone = 70%

44
Q

The arteries supplying the penis (not penile skin), form what artery do they branch?

A

Internal pudendal artery

45
Q

What size are the bulbourethral glands, and where are they located?

A

3-5mm, located at the urogenital diaphragm

46
Q

What is the name given to when the vas deferens opens into the prostatic urethra?

A

Ejaculatory duct

47
Q

What, aside from he accessory glands, contribute to semen?

A

Testes and epididymis

48
Q

What are the different parts of the urethra?

A

1) Pre-prostatic; 2) prostatic; 3) membranous; 4) spongy

49
Q

What are the erectile tissues of the penis?

A

2x corpora cavernosa; 1 x corpus spongiosum

50
Q

What are the crura, and to what are they attached?

A

= the point posteriorly where the corpora cavernous separate, each crura attaching to the corresponding ischial rams

51
Q

What structures comprise the root of the penis?

A

Crura - the corpora cavernous
Bulb - corpus spongiosum
Ischiocavernosus muscles
Bulbospongiosus muscles

52
Q

What is the arterial supply to the penis (not penile skin)?

A

1) Dorsal arteries of the penis - run between the corpora cavernosa; 2) deep arteries of the penis - run through the corpora cavernosa; 3) arteries of the bulb of the penis

53
Q

What arteries supply the penile skin?

A

Superficial and deep branches of the external pudendal arteries

54
Q

What nerves mediate penile erection?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic S2-S4) - brings about increased blood flow into, but decreased venous drainage out of, the cavernous spaces of the penis

55
Q

What nerves mediate ejaculation?

A

Sympathetic nervous system (T10-L2) = closure of the bladder neck and contraction of the seminal vesicles (resulting in deposition of semen in the posterior urethra)
Somatic and visceral nerves (S2-S4) stimulate muscular contraction

56
Q

What muscles are involved in ejaculation?

A

1) Superficial transverse perineal muscles; 2) bulbospongiosus muscles; 3) ischiocavernous muscles

Basic Human Reproduction (13 decks)

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