Male Reproductive Anatomy

Question 1

How long is the inguinal canal?

Answer 1

4cm

Question 2

When do the testis usually enter the inguinal canal?

Answer 2

Week 28

Question 3

When do the testis find themselves in the scrotum?

Answer 3

Week 32

Question 4

How long does it take to traverse the inguinal canal?

Answer 4

3 days

Question 5

What is the gubernaculum?

Answer 5

A thick guide wire that connects the testes to the anterolateral abdominal wall at the site of the future deep ring of the inguinal canal

Question 6

Where does the gubernaculum attach the testes to?

Answer 6

The anterolateral abdominal wall

Question 7

Where is the embryological origin of the testes?

Answer 7

The extraperitoneal, superior lumbar, posterior abdominal wall

Question 8

What is the processes vaginalis?

Answer 8

= a diverticulum of the peritonium

Question 9

Whom are at risk of hydroceles and indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 9

Men in whom the stalk of the processus vaginalis has not occluded

Question 10

What does the distal secular part of the processes vaginalis form?

Answer 10

The tunica vaginalis

Question 11

What is the position of the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 11

Superior to the mid-inguinal ligament, lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

Question 12

What is the position of the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 12

Lateral crus = attached to the pic tubercle. Medial crus = attached to the pubic crest

Question 13

What does the superficial inguinal ring open out of?

Answer 13

The external aponeurosis

Question 14

What are the fascial coverings of the spermatic cord?

Answer 14

Internal spermatic fascia + cremasteric fascia + external spermatic fascia

Question 15

From what is the external spermatic fascia formed?

Answer 15

External oblique aponeurosis

Question 16

From what is the internal spermatic fascia formed?

Answer 16

Transversalis fascia

Question 17

From what is the cremasteric fascia formed?

Answer 17

Fascia from the superficial and deep surfaces of the internal oblique muscle

Question 18

What is the contents of the spermatic cord?

Answer 18

1) vas deferens; 2) pampiniform plexus of veins; 3) lymphatics; 4) processus vaginalis; 5) genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve; 6) sympathetic nerve fibres; 7) testicular artery; 8) artery of the ductus deferens; 9) cremasteric artery

Question 19

What are the layer of the scrotum?

Answer 19

Skin — Scarpa fascia — dartos fascia (containing dartos muscle fibres) — Colles fascia — deep fascia (1. external spermatic fascia; 2. cremasteric fascia; 3. internal spermatic fascia)

Question 20

From what does the perineal artery branch from?

Answer 20

The internal pudendal artery, from the internal iliac artery

Question 21

From what does the deep external pudendal artery branch from?

Answer 21

The femoral artery, from the external iliac artery

Question 22

What is the blood supply to the scrotum?

Answer 22

1) Posterior scrotal branches of the perineal artery; 2) anterior scrotal branches of the deep external pudendal artery; 3) cremasteric artery

Question 23

Which testis is suspended lower than the other?

Answer 23

L

Question 24

What is the purpose of the fluid in the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 24

Free movement of the testes within the scrotum

Question 25

What is the capsule of dense connective tissue that surrounds the testes?

Answer 25

Tunica albuginea

Question 26

What shape of the testicular lobules?

Answer 26

Pyramidal

Question 27

How is testis temperature regulated?

Answer 27

Dartos muscle + cremaster muscle + counter-current mechanism of the pampiniform plexus of veins

Question 28

How many seminiferous tubules are contained within a testicular lobule?

Answer 28

1-4

Question 29

What are the layers of the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 29

Outer parietal layer (lining the scrotum) + inner visceral layer (covering the tunica albuginea)

Question 30

How long is the epididymis?

Answer 30

4-5m

Question 31

How long are the seminal vesicles?

Answer 31

15cm

Question 32

What % of semen do seminal vesicles contribute?

Answer 32

60%

Question 33

What do seminal vesicles contribute to semen?

Answer 33

Flavins Fructose Ascoribic acid

Question 34

What % of semen does the prostate contribute?

Answer 34

20%

Question 35

What does the prostate contribute to semen?

Answer 35

Zinc

Question 36

What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

Answer 36

1) Seminal vesicles; 2) prostate gland; 3) bulbourethral glands

Question 37

What is the alternative name for the bulbourethral glands?

Answer 37

Cowper glands

Question 38

What % of semen do the bulbourethral glands contribute?

Answer 38

<5%

Question 39

What do the bulbourethral glands contribute to semen?

Answer 39

Alkaline mucus

Question 40

What % of semen does the testes contribute?

Answer 40

15%

Question 41

What does the testes contribute to semen?

Answer 41

Sperm

Question 42

What % of semen do the epididymis' contribute ?

Answer 42

<5%

Question 43

What are the zones of the prostate?

Answer 43

Transition zone = 5% (in which the prostatic urethra runs); central zone = 25%; peripheral zone = 70%

Question 44

The arteries supplying the penis (not penile skin), form what artery do they branch?

Answer 44

Internal pudendal artery

Question 45

What size are the bulbourethral glands, and where are they located?

Answer 45

3-5mm, located at the urogenital diaphragm

Question 46

What is the name given to when the vas deferens opens into the prostatic urethra?

Answer 46

Ejaculatory duct

Question 47

What, aside from he accessory glands, contribute to semen?

Answer 47

Testes and epididymis

Question 48

What are the different parts of the urethra?

Answer 48

1) Pre-prostatic; 2) prostatic; 3) membranous; 4) spongy

Question 49

What are the erectile tissues of the penis?

Answer 49

2x corpora cavernosa; 1 x corpus spongiosum

Question 50

What are the crura, and to what are they attached?

Answer 50

= the point posteriorly where the corpora cavernous separate, each crura attaching to the corresponding ischial rams

Question 51

What structures comprise the root of the penis?

Answer 51

Crura - the corpora cavernous Bulb - corpus spongiosum Ischiocavernosus muscles Bulbospongiosus muscles

Question 52

What is the arterial supply to the penis (not penile skin)?

Answer 52

1) Dorsal arteries of the penis - run between the corpora cavernosa; 2) deep arteries of the penis - run through the corpora cavernosa; 3) arteries of the bulb of the penis

Question 53

What arteries supply the penile skin?

Answer 53

Superficial and deep branches of the external pudendal arteries

Question 54

What nerves mediate penile erection?

Answer 54

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic S2-S4) - brings about increased blood flow into, but decreased venous drainage out of, the cavernous spaces of the penis

Question 55

What nerves mediate ejaculation?

Answer 55

Sympathetic nervous system (T10-L2) = closure of the bladder neck and contraction of the seminal vesicles (resulting in deposition of semen in the posterior urethra) Somatic and visceral nerves (S2-S4) stimulate muscular contraction

Question 56

What muscles are involved in ejaculation?

Answer 56

1) Superficial transverse perineal muscles; 2) bulbospongiosus muscles; 3) ischiocavernous muscles