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Basic Human Reproduction > Fertilization > Flashcards

Fertilization Flashcards

1
Q

How far must spermatozoa travel through the reproductive tracts to reach the oviduct?

A

30-40cm

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2
Q

How far must spermatozoa travel to reach the oviduct in relation to their length?

A

> 100 000x their length

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3
Q

What changes must happen to sperm, following spermatogenesis, for them to gain full fertilising capacity?

A
  1. Maturation
  2. Capacitation
  3. Acrosome reaction
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4
Q

Where does maturation take place?

A

In the male reproductive tract, in the epididymis

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5
Q

Where does capacitation take place?

A

The female reproductive tract

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6
Q

Where does the acrosome reaction take place?

A

The female reproductive tract

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7
Q

What changes to the spermatozoa take place during maturation?

A
  1. Acquisition of mobility
  2. Chromatin modification
  3. Acrosome size alteration
  4. Migration of the cytoplasmic droplet from the neck to near the annulus
  5. Acquisition of the ability to recognise, bind and fuse with eggs
  6. Modification to the surface plasma membrane
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8
Q

What secretory products are added in the epididymis?

A
  1. Carnitine
  2. Fructose
  3. Glycoproteins
  4. Glycerophosphorylcholine
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9
Q

How long does it take the spermatozoa to move through the epididymis?

A

5-11 days

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10
Q

How long is the process of maturation?

A

The length of time needed to pass through the epididymis - 5-11 days

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11
Q

The maturation process in the epididymis is dependant on what?

A

Stimulation of the epididymis by androgens

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12
Q

Where are mature spermatozoa stored?

A

For a few days int he caudal epididymis, and then in the vas deferens

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13
Q

How are non-ejaculated sperm lost in a normal, non-ligated vas deferens?

A

Dribble through the terminal ampulla and into the urethra where they are then washed away in urine

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14
Q

How are non-ejaculated sperm lost in a ligated, e.g. post-vasectomy, vas deferens?

A

Build up behind the ligature - removed by intra-epididymal phagocytosis, or by leakage through the epididymal wall

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15
Q

What is the collective name for the glands that contribute to semen production?

A

Accessory glands

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16
Q

What are the male accessory glands?

A
  1. Seminal vesicles
  2. Prostate
  3. Bulbourethral glands
17
Q

What else make a contribution to semen, aside from the accessory glands?

A

Testes + epididymis

18
Q

What proportion volume is made by each structure to the semen?

A 
Seminal vesicles - 60%
Prostate - 20%
Testes - 15%
Bulbourethral glands - <5%
Epididymis - <5%
19
Q

What do the seminal vesicles contribute to the semen?

A

Fructose; ascorbic acid; prostaglandins; phosphorycholine; flavins

20
Q

What does the prostate contribute to the semen?

A

Zinc; citric acid; phospholipids; acid phosphates; profibrolysin

21
Q

What do the testes contribute to the semen?

A

Sperm

22
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands contribute to semen?

A

Alkaline mucus

23
Q

What does the epididymis contribute to the semen?

A

Carnitine; acetyl carnitine

24
Q

From what is the alkaline mucus secreted?

A

Bulbourethral glands

25
Q

From what is sperm secreted?

A

Testes

26
Q

From what is zinc secreted?

A

Prostate

27
Q

From what are flattens secreted from?

A

Seminal vesicles

28
Q

From what is citric acid secreted from?

A

Prostate

29
Q

From what is carnitine and acetyl carnitine secreted from?

A

Epididymis

30
Q

From what is ascorbic acid secreted from?

A

Seminal vesicles

31
Q

From what is fructose secreted from?

A

Seminal vesicles

32
Q

From what is phospholipids secreted from?

A

Prostate

33
Q

From what is phosphorycholine secreted from?

A

Seminal vesicles

34
Q

From what is profibrolysin secreted from?

A

Prostate

35
Q

From what are acid phosphates secreted from?

A

Prostate

Basic Human Reproduction (13 decks)

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