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3rd year anatomy > male reproductive > Flashcards

male reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

what things are contained in the semen and their function

A

thick alkaline - neutralise acidity
fructose - energy source
prostaglandins - suppress female immune response
clotting factors - keep semen in female reproductive tract post ejaculation

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2
Q

what separates the 2 corpora cavernous (crura)

A

septum of the penis (tunica albuginea)

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3
Q

what is the function of the testes

A

sperm production

testosterone synthesis

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4
Q

where are the bulbourethral glands located

A

posterolateral to the membranous urethra

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5
Q

where does the testicular artery arise

A

L2 - abdominal aorta

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6
Q

how is the penis drained

A

cavernous space - deep dorsal vein of the penis to the prostatic venous plexus
superficial structure - superficial dorsal vein

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7
Q

what innervates the testis and epididymis

A

testicular plexus - from aortic/ renal

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8
Q

what do the lobules of the testis consist of

A

seminiferous tubules

interstitial tissue

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9
Q

what fills the erectile tissue during an erection

A

blood

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10
Q

which erectile tissue is traversed by the urethra

A

corpus spongiosum/ bulb of the penis

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11
Q

where does the right testicular vein drain

A

IVC

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12
Q

what is the vas deferens

A

straight, thin muscular tube that carries sperm

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13
Q

where does sperm travel form the seminiferous tubules

A

rete testes to the epididymis

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14
Q

what type of muscle is the cremaster muscle (middle layer of the spermatic cord)

A

started muscle (longitudinal)

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15
Q

what is the prepuce

A

foreskin - double layer of skin and fascia located at neck of the glans
connected by frenulum

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16
Q

where does prostatic lymph drain

A

internal iliac and sacral

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17
Q

what is the internal structure of the seminal vesicle

A

honeycomb, lobulated structure with a mucosa lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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18
Q

where does the lymph form the bulbourethral glands drain

A

internal and external iliac nodes

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19
Q

what is produced by the bulbourethral glands

A

thick lubricating mucus secretion (glycoproteins)

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20
Q

what zone of the prostate undergoes BPH

A

transitional zone

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21
Q

what are the 3 different parts of the penis

A

root
body
glans

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22
Q

which prostatic venous plexus is often the cause of metastatic cancer to the vertebral bodies

A

Batson plexus

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23
Q

what zone of the prostate surrounds the ejaculatory duct

A

central zone

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24
Q

what are the 3 McNeal zones of the prostate

A

central zone
transitional zone
peripheral zoen

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25
Q

what cells lie in the interstitial tissue of the testis

A

leydig cells

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26
Q

in the anatomical position, what position is the penis in

A

erect
dorsal side closest to abdomen
ventral side closest to testis

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27
Q

which fo the perineal pouches is the penis in

A

superficial

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28
Q

where does the lymph from the scrotum and penis drain

A

superficial inguinal

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29
Q

what are the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

parietal

visceral

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30
Q

where does the sacrum lymph drain

A

superficial inguinal lymph

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31
Q

what 2 things form the ejaculatory duct

A

vas deferens + seminal vesicle duct

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32
Q

what is the function of the epididymis

A

store sperm

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33
Q

what are the 3 erectile tissues that make up the root of he penis

A

two crura

bulb of penis

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34
Q

what is a varicocele and which testicle is more affected

A

gross dilation of the veins draining the testes

left - left testicular vein is longer and drains at a perpendicular angle

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35
Q

what abdominal wall muscle is the cremaster muscle derived from

A

internal oblique

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36
Q

how are the testes formed embryogenically

A

developed on posterior abdominal wall, descend down through inguinal canal to scrotum

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37
Q

how would you describe the glands of the bulbourethreal

A

tubulo-alveolar gland slipped by columnar epithelium

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38
Q

what muscle is contained in the scrotum and what does it sod

A

dartous - regulates the temperature of the scrotum by wrinkling the skin, decreasing surface are and reducing heat loss

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39
Q

what are all the contents of the spermatic cord

A 
Vas deferens 
Testicular artery
Pampainifporm plexus
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Sympathetic nerve fibres
Lymph vessels
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40
Q

which testicle lies lower

A

left

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41
Q

what are the 3 fascial covering of the spermatic cord

A

1) Internal spermatic
2) Cremasteric fascia
3) External spermatic

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42
Q

what things contract to cause emission of the male ejactuatory duct (sympathetic)

A

vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate

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43
Q

where is sperm produced

A

seminiferous tubules

44
Q

what type of innervation causes ejaculation

A

sympathetic

45
Q

how does the testicular artery travel through the inguinal canal

A

in the spermatic cord

46
Q

what 2 muscles does the root of the penis contain

A

ischiocavernous

bulbospongiousus

47
Q

where does the lymph from the glans and distal spongy urethra

A

deep inguinal

48
Q

what tissue divides the testicles into lobules

A

tunica albuginea

49
Q

what are the 3 erectile tissues that make up the penis body

A

2 corpora cavernosa

corpus spongiosum

50
Q

what zone of the prostate is most affected by cancer

A

peripheral zone

51
Q

what are the functions of the mucus secretions form the bulbourethral glands

A

lubrication for urethra/ penis tip
expels residue of urine (makes path clean)
neutralises acidity (alkaline)

52
Q

what innervates the cremaster muscle

A

genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

53
Q

what is the purpose of the testes being located on the outside of the pelvic cavity

A

regulate optimum temperature for of sperm production below body temperature

54
Q

what are the main contents of the spermatic cord

A 
testicular artery 
testicular vein (paminiform plexus) 
vas deferens
55
Q

what doe the mesonephric ducts develop into in the male

A

seminal glands
epididymis
ejaculatory duct
vas deferens (SEED)

56
Q

what is the innervation of the smooth muscle of the prostate during ejaculation

A

sympathetic

57
Q

what is the composition of the 3 layers of the vas deferens

A

inner - longitudinal smooth
intermediate - circular
outer - longitudinal

58
Q

what arteries supply the penis

A

internal pudendal artery - branches:
dorsal arteries of the penis
deep arteries of the penis
bublourethral artery

59
Q

what does the male bulbospongiosus contract to do

A

empty spongy urethra of any residual semen and urine

anterior fibres maintain erection by increasing pressure

60
Q

what cells line the seminiferous tubules of the testis

A

sertoli cells

61
Q

where does the testis lymph drain

A

lumbar and para-aortic nodes

62
Q

what zone of the prostate surrounds the urethra

A

transitional zone

63
Q

what does the prostate secrete

A

proteolytic enzymes into the semen that break down clotting factors into the ejaculate

64
Q

what arteries supply the seminal vesicle

A

branches of the internal iliac;

inferior vesicle, internal pudendal, middle rectal

65
Q

what lies posterior to the prostate

A

ampulla of rectum

66
Q

how would you differentiate between a hydrocele (fluid) and a haematocele (blood)

A

transillumination - light applied to swelling

67
Q

what zone of the prostate is felt on PR examination

A

peripheral zone

68
Q

where are the testes located

A

inside the scrotum

69
Q

where are the seminal vesicles located

A

between bladder fundus and rectum

70
Q

what type of innervation causes erection

A

parasympathetic

71
Q

where does the lymph from the cavernous bodies and proximal spongy urethra drain

A

internal iliac

72
Q

what sits on the superior posterolateral side of the testes

A

epididymis

73
Q

what is the scrotum derived from embryogenically

A

paired genital swellings

74
Q

what are the 4 parts of the male urethra

A

intramural
prostatic
intermediate/ membranous
spongy

75
Q

what is prostatic fluid rich in

A

citric acid and proteolytic enzymes

76
Q

what things develop from the urogenital sinus in the male

A

bladder, prostate, urethra and bulbourethal glands

77
Q

what is the arterial supply of the testis

A 
testicular artery 
(L2 abdominal aorta)
78
Q

what part of the urethra do the bublourethral glands open into

A

spongy urethra

79
Q

where does the lymph of the seminal vesicles drain

A

external and internal iliac drain

80
Q

what are the 2 main functions of the penis

A

sexual intercourse

micturation

81
Q

what arteries supply the scrotum

A

anterior scrotal - external pudendal

posterior scrotal - internal pudendal

82
Q

what lines the testes

A

tunica vaginalis (2 layers)

83
Q

what ring does the spermatic cord pass through

A

inguinal canal

84
Q

what plexus innervates the prostate

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

85
Q

what 2 ligaments support the root of the penis

A

suspensory ligament - erectile bodies to pubic symphis

fundiform ligament - sling around

86
Q

which innervation is responsible for the penis erection

A

parasympathetic

87
Q

what vessels supply the prostate

A

prostatic arteries - branch of internal iliac

88
Q

where does the spermatic cord begin and end

A

begin in deep inguinal ring (inferior abdomen) and ends in the scrotum

89
Q

what are the 3 major structure in the scrotum

A

testis
epidydimis
spermatic cord

90
Q

what is the narrowest part of the male urethra

A

membranous

91
Q

what is the parasympathetic and sympathetic repsonse in ejaculation

A

parasympathetic - contraction of external urethral sphincter
sympathetic - closure of internal urethral sphincter

92
Q

what does the male ischiocavernous contract to do

A

maintain erection - force blood from cavernous spaces in the crura into corpus cavernosa

93
Q

which erectile tissue makes up the glans of the tissue

A

corpus spongiosum

94
Q

what are the most common causes of erectile dysfunction

A

vascular - hypertension, hypercholesteraemia, smoking or diabetes

95
Q

what is the tunica albuginea

A

fibrous capsule that encloses the testes - divides it into lubules

96
Q

what is the function of leydig cells

A

sperm production

97
Q

what nerve supplies sensory innovation to the penis

A

dorsal nerve of the penis - branch of the pudendal

98
Q

what is different about the anterior and posterior scrotal arteries

A

anterior scrotal - external pudendal

posterior scrotal - internal pudendal

99
Q

what is the inner layer of the vas defers lined by that helps to move the sperm

A

microvilli

100
Q

what vessels drain the prostate

A

prostatic venous plexus into internal iliac

101
Q

which part of the urethra does the ejaculatory duct drain into

A

prostatic

102
Q

where does the left testicular vein drain

A

left renal vein

103
Q

where is 70% of the male ejaculate formed

A

seminal vesicle

104
Q

how does the panpiniform plexus function as a heat exchanger

A

mixes with arterial blood to cool it down

105
Q

what is the widest part of the male urethra

A

prostatic

3rd year anatomy (5 decks)

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