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3rd year anatomy > male reproductive > Flashcards

male reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

what things are contained in the semen and their function

A

thick alkaline - neutralise acidity
fructose - energy source
prostaglandins - suppress female immune response
clotting factors - keep semen in female reproductive tract post ejaculation

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2
Q

what separates the 2 corpora cavernous (crura)

A

septum of the penis (tunica albuginea)

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3
Q

what is the function of the testes

A

sperm production

testosterone synthesis

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4
Q

where are the bulbourethral glands located

A

posterolateral to the membranous urethra

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5
Q

where does the testicular artery arise

A

L2 - abdominal aorta

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6
Q

how is the penis drained

A

cavernous space - deep dorsal vein of the penis to the prostatic venous plexus
superficial structure - superficial dorsal vein

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7
Q

what innervates the testis and epididymis

A

testicular plexus - from aortic/ renal

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8
Q

what do the lobules of the testis consist of

A

seminiferous tubules

interstitial tissue

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9
Q

what fills the erectile tissue during an erection

A

blood

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10
Q

which erectile tissue is traversed by the urethra

A

corpus spongiosum/ bulb of the penis

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11
Q

where does the right testicular vein drain

A

IVC

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12
Q

what is the vas deferens

A

straight, thin muscular tube that carries sperm

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13
Q

where does sperm travel form the seminiferous tubules

A

rete testes to the epididymis

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14
Q

what type of muscle is the cremaster muscle (middle layer of the spermatic cord)

A

started muscle (longitudinal)

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15
Q

what is the prepuce

A

foreskin - double layer of skin and fascia located at neck of the glans
connected by frenulum

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16
Q

where does prostatic lymph drain

A

internal iliac and sacral

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17
Q

what is the internal structure of the seminal vesicle

A

honeycomb, lobulated structure with a mucosa lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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18
Q

where does the lymph form the bulbourethral glands drain

A

internal and external iliac nodes

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19
Q

what is produced by the bulbourethral glands

A

thick lubricating mucus secretion (glycoproteins)

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20
Q

what zone of the prostate undergoes BPH

A

transitional zone

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21
Q

what are the 3 different parts of the penis

A

root
body
glans

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22
Q

which prostatic venous plexus is often the cause of metastatic cancer to the vertebral bodies

A

Batson plexus

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23
Q

what zone of the prostate surrounds the ejaculatory duct

A

central zone

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24
Q

what are the 3 McNeal zones of the prostate

A

central zone
transitional zone
peripheral zoen

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25
what cells lie in the interstitial tissue of the testis
leydig cells
26
in the anatomical position, what position is the penis in
erect dorsal side closest to abdomen ventral side closest to testis
27
which fo the perineal pouches is the penis in
superficial
28
where does the lymph from the scrotum and penis drain
superficial inguinal
29
what are the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis
parietal | visceral
30
where does the sacrum lymph drain
superficial inguinal lymph
31
what 2 things form the ejaculatory duct
vas deferens + seminal vesicle duct
32
what is the function of the epididymis
store sperm
33
what are the 3 erectile tissues that make up the root of he penis
two crura | bulb of penis
34
what is a varicocele and which testicle is more affected
gross dilation of the veins draining the testes | left - left testicular vein is longer and drains at a perpendicular angle
35
what abdominal wall muscle is the cremaster muscle derived from
internal oblique
36
how are the testes formed embryogenically
developed on posterior abdominal wall, descend down through inguinal canal to scrotum
37
how would you describe the glands of the bulbourethreal
tubulo-alveolar gland slipped by columnar epithelium
38
what muscle is contained in the scrotum and what does it sod
dartous - regulates the temperature of the scrotum by wrinkling the skin, decreasing surface are and reducing heat loss
39
what are all the contents of the spermatic cord
``` Vas deferens Testicular artery Pampainifporm plexus Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve Sympathetic nerve fibres Lymph vessels ```
40
which testicle lies lower
left
41
what are the 3 fascial covering of the spermatic cord
1) Internal spermatic 2) Cremasteric fascia 3) External spermatic
42
what things contract to cause emission of the male ejactuatory duct (sympathetic)
vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate
43
where is sperm produced
seminiferous tubules
44
what type of innervation causes ejaculation
sympathetic
45
how does the testicular artery travel through the inguinal canal
in the spermatic cord
46
what 2 muscles does the root of the penis contain
ischiocavernous | bulbospongiousus
47
where does the lymph from the glans and distal spongy urethra
deep inguinal
48
what tissue divides the testicles into lobules
tunica albuginea
49
what are the 3 erectile tissues that make up the penis body
2 corpora cavernosa | corpus spongiosum
50
what zone of the prostate is most affected by cancer
peripheral zone
51
what are the functions of the mucus secretions form the bulbourethral glands
lubrication for urethra/ penis tip expels residue of urine (makes path clean) neutralises acidity (alkaline)
52
what innervates the cremaster muscle
genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
53
what is the purpose of the testes being located on the outside of the pelvic cavity
regulate optimum temperature for of sperm production below body temperature
54
what are the main contents of the spermatic cord
``` testicular artery testicular vein (paminiform plexus) vas deferens ```
55
what doe the mesonephric ducts develop into in the male
seminal glands epididymis ejaculatory duct vas deferens (SEED)
56
what is the innervation of the smooth muscle of the prostate during ejaculation
sympathetic
57
what is the composition of the 3 layers of the vas deferens
inner - longitudinal smooth intermediate - circular outer - longitudinal
58
what arteries supply the penis
internal pudendal artery - branches: dorsal arteries of the penis deep arteries of the penis bublourethral artery
59
what does the male bulbospongiosus contract to do
empty spongy urethra of any residual semen and urine | anterior fibres maintain erection by increasing pressure
60
what cells line the seminiferous tubules of the testis
sertoli cells
61
where does the testis lymph drain
lumbar and para-aortic nodes
62
what zone of the prostate surrounds the urethra
transitional zone
63
what does the prostate secrete
proteolytic enzymes into the semen that break down clotting factors into the ejaculate
64
what arteries supply the seminal vesicle
branches of the internal iliac; | inferior vesicle, internal pudendal, middle rectal
65
what lies posterior to the prostate
ampulla of rectum
66
how would you differentiate between a hydrocele (fluid) and a haematocele (blood)
transillumination - light applied to swelling
67
what zone of the prostate is felt on PR examination
peripheral zone
68
where are the testes located
inside the scrotum
69
where are the seminal vesicles located
between bladder fundus and rectum
70
what type of innervation causes erection
parasympathetic
71
where does the lymph from the cavernous bodies and proximal spongy urethra drain
internal iliac
72
what sits on the superior posterolateral side of the testes
epididymis
73
what is the scrotum derived from embryogenically
paired genital swellings
74
what are the 4 parts of the male urethra
intramural prostatic intermediate/ membranous spongy
75
what is prostatic fluid rich in
citric acid and proteolytic enzymes
76
what things develop from the urogenital sinus in the male
bladder, prostate, urethra and bulbourethal glands
77
what is the arterial supply of the testis
``` testicular artery (L2 abdominal aorta) ```
78
what part of the urethra do the bublourethral glands open into
spongy urethra
79
where does the lymph of the seminal vesicles drain
external and internal iliac drain
80
what are the 2 main functions of the penis
sexual intercourse | micturation
81
what arteries supply the scrotum
anterior scrotal - external pudendal | posterior scrotal - internal pudendal
82
what lines the testes
tunica vaginalis (2 layers)
83
what ring does the spermatic cord pass through
inguinal canal
84
what plexus innervates the prostate
inferior hypogastric plexus
85
what 2 ligaments support the root of the penis
suspensory ligament - erectile bodies to pubic symphis | fundiform ligament - sling around
86
which innervation is responsible for the penis erection
parasympathetic
87
what vessels supply the prostate
prostatic arteries - branch of internal iliac
88
where does the spermatic cord begin and end
begin in deep inguinal ring (inferior abdomen) and ends in the scrotum
89
what are the 3 major structure in the scrotum
testis epidydimis spermatic cord
90
what is the narrowest part of the male urethra
membranous
91
what is the parasympathetic and sympathetic repsonse in ejaculation
parasympathetic - contraction of external urethral sphincter sympathetic - closure of internal urethral sphincter
92
what does the male ischiocavernous contract to do
maintain erection - force blood from cavernous spaces in the crura into corpus cavernosa
93
which erectile tissue makes up the glans of the tissue
corpus spongiosum
94
what are the most common causes of erectile dysfunction
vascular - hypertension, hypercholesteraemia, smoking or diabetes
95
what is the tunica albuginea
fibrous capsule that encloses the testes - divides it into lubules
96
what is the function of leydig cells
sperm production
97
what nerve supplies sensory innovation to the penis
dorsal nerve of the penis - branch of the pudendal
98
what is different about the anterior and posterior scrotal arteries
anterior scrotal - external pudendal | posterior scrotal - internal pudendal
99
what is the inner layer of the vas defers lined by that helps to move the sperm
microvilli
100
what vessels drain the prostate
prostatic venous plexus into internal iliac
101
which part of the urethra does the ejaculatory duct drain into
prostatic
102
where does the left testicular vein drain
left renal vein
103
where is 70% of the male ejaculate formed
seminal vesicle
104
how does the panpiniform plexus function as a heat exchanger
mixes with arterial blood to cool it down
105
what is the widest part of the male urethra
prostatic

3rd year anatomy (5 decks)

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