female reproductive Flashcards by Karen Bogle

what is the posterior fornix closely related to

rectouterine pouch

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where does the vagina extend between

vestibule of external genitalia to cervix

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what are the main functions of the cervix

passage of sperm into the uterine cavity

maintains sterility of the female reproductive tract

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what does each breast consist of

15-25 lobules with tubule-acinar glands (parenchyma) and stroma (connective tissue)

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what are primary sex organs responsible for (ovary/ ttestes)

maintenance and transportation of gametes

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what are the 3 parts of the uterus

fundus - top
body
cervix - link to vagina

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what is the lymphatic drainage of the vuvla

superficial inguinal nodes

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what is the round ligament of the uterus a remnant of

gubernaculum

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where do the fallopian tubes lie

upper body of the broad ligament, extending laterally form uterus and opening into the abdominal cavity near the uterus

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what is the broad ligament of the uterus

double layer of peritoneum attaching the sides of the uterus to the pelvis

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what about the fallopian tubes helps the movement of the female gamete

inner mucosa lined with ciliated columnar epithelial cells

smooth muscle layer contracts to assist with transportation (greatest when oestrogen high)

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what are the ovaries attached to

posterior surface of the broad ligament of the uterus by the mesovarium

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does the ovarian artery leave the abdominal aorta above or below the renal arteries

below

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where does lymph from the ovary drain

para-aortic nodes

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what is the peritoneal space between the uterus and the bladder

ueterovesicle space

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what is the epithelium of the surface of the ovary

simple cuboidal epithelium (germinal epithelium)

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where do the ovaries develop

within the mesonephric ridge ad descend through the abdomen

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what opens into the female vestibule

external vaginal orifice, urethra

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what makes up the cortex of the ovary

connective tissue stroma

supports follicles

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what 3 ligaments are located within the broad ligament

ovarian ligament
round ligament of the uterus
suspensory ligament of the ovary

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what are the labia minor embryologically derived from

urethral folds

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what arteries supply the mammary gland

branches of subclavian and axilla
lateral/ medial mammary
internal throaci

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what are the 2 regions of the cervix

ectocervix - to vagina

endocervix - to uterus

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where is the isthmus of the fallopian tube

narrow section of the uterine tubes connecting the ampulla to the uterine cavity

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describe the inner/ foetal surface of the placenta

smooth

what are the main functions of the ovary

produce oocytes | produce oestrogen and progesterone in response to LH and FSH

what is the endometrium

inner mucous membrane lining the uterus

what is the nerve supply to the anterior vuvla

illioinguinal/ genital genitofemoral nerve

what lines the ectocervix

stratified squamous non-keritised epithelium

where do the breasts lie (fascia)

superficial fascia of the pectoral region

what is the broad ligament a flat sheet of

peritoneum

where dose fertilisation occur

ampulla

why is it important to know the relation between the ureter and uterine arteries

clamp uterine artery in hysterectomy

what does the uteroscral ligament extend between

cervix to sacrum

what are the functions of the vagian

sexual interocurse childbirth menustration

what lies lateral to the vagina

uterers and uterine arteries

where are bartholins glands

either side of the vaginal orifice

what do the labia minora fuse anteriorly and posteriorly to create

anterior - prepuce of clitoris | posterior - vestibule

what is a risk of an ectopic pregnancy in the fallopian tube

rupture and haemorrhage

what are the 3 regions of the broad ligament

mesovarium - ovaries mesometrium - uterus mesosalpinx - fallopian tubes

what nerve innervates the inferior part of the vagina

deep perineal nerve - pudendal nerve

what are the functions of the placenta

gaseous exchange removal of toxic waste products nutrition secrete hormones

what lines the endocervix

mucus secreting simple columnar epithelium

what lies posterior to the vagina

rectum and anus

where is the cardinal ligament of the uterus

base of broad ligament of the uterus | extends form cervix to lateral pelvic walls

where is the uterovaginal plexus (sympathetic and parasympathetic to vagina)

base of broad ligament, either side of cervix

what maintain the vagina ph at 4.5

oestrogen stimulates epithelial cells to secrete glycogen which is digested to produce lactic acid

what ligament does the mesometrium enclose

round ligament of uterus

what is contained in the cardinal ligament of the uterus

uterine artery and vein

what is the myometrium

thick smooth muscle layer

what is the nerve supply to the posterior vuvla

pudendal nerve

what are the 4 parts of the fallopian tube

fimbriae infundibulum ampulla isthmus

what is the function of the umbilical arteries

carry deoxygenated blood from the foetus to the placenta

where do the ovarian arteries arise

L2 - abdominal aorta

what provides the primary support for the uterus

tone of pelvic floor

what is the longest and widest section of the fallopian tube

ampulla

what is the perimetrium

out layer of uterus - double layered membrane continuous with abdominal

what is the peritoneal space between the uterus and the rectum

rectouterine space - pouch of douglas

what is the mesovarium

fold of peritoneum continuous with the outer surface of the ovaries

what is a corneal ectopic pregnancy

develops in the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube and invades through wall

how many vessels are in the umbilical cord

2 arteries, 1 vein

what is the vaginal fornix

the recess around the protruding cervix - anterior, lateral and posterior (deepest) part

is the uterus a primary or secondary sex organ

secondary - matures during puberty

what is the dual blood supply to the uterus

ovarian artery | uterine artery

where does lymph from the fallopian tubes drain

iliac, sacral and aortic lymph nodes

what ligament is the ovarian artery in

suspensory ligament of ovary

what are the 4 histological layers of the vagina (internal to external)

1. stratified squamous epithelium 2. elastic lamina propria 3. fibromuscular layer - 2 smooth muscle 4. adventitia

what are the functions of the vuvla

sensory tissue during intercourse assist in micturition by directing flow of urine defend internal tract from infection

what does the ligament of the ovary extend between

ovary to fundus of the uterus

does the mesovarium cover the ovary

no - just the hilum

what is the suspensory ligament of ovary

fold of peritoneum extending form the mesovarium to the lateral pelvic wall

what are the labia majora embryologically derived from

labioscrotal swellings

what forms the clitoris

erectile corpora cavernosa tissue | becomes engorged during sexual stimulation

what is the mons pubis

fat pad at at the anterior of the vuvla which is covered in pubic hair

what are ovarian cysts

fluid filled masses that develop in the ovary, commonly from ovarian follicles

what are the labia majora

two hear bearing external folds of the vaginal

what lies between the endocervix and ectocervix

external os

where does the ovarian ligament join the uterus

just below the entry of the fallopian tubes

what do bartholins glands secrete

lubricating mucus from small ducts during sexual arousal

where is the parasympathetic innervation of the uterus derived form

pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)

which part of the uterus do the fallopian tubes enter

fundus

where is the ovarian ligament

joint ovaries to the uterus

what is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina

iliac and superficial inguinal lymph nodes

what is the venous return form the vagina

vaginal plexus to uterine vein to internal iliac

what are the cardinal ligaments also known as

transverse cervical

where does the left ovarian vein drain to

left renal vein

what is contained in the suspensory ligament of ovary

ovarian artery, ovarian vein, ovarian nerve plexus and lymphatic vessels

what are the main functions of the uterine tubes

transfer and transport of the ovum from the ovary to the uterus

what are the main lymph nodes draining the breast

axilla parasternal posterior intercostal

where does the broad ligament extend

lateral pelvic walls and folds over the internal female genitalia covering their surface anteriorly and posteriorly

where does the uterine artery cross there ureter

1cm laterally to the internal os level of ischial spine - junction of cervix and lateral part of fornix of vagina (water under a bridge)

what muscles lie on the deep surface of the breast

serrates anterior pectoralis major pectoralis minor

where do the breasts extend vertically and horizontally

vertical - 2nd - 6ht rib | horizontal - lateral border of sternum to anterior axillary line

where does the round ligament of the uterus originate

uterine horns (fallopian tubes entrance) , pass through inguinal canal, attach to the labia majora

describe the outer/ maternal surface of the placenta

disc shaped - rough and spongy

what 3 things make up the birth canal

cervix, vagina and vulva

what are the 3 tissue layers of the uterus

perimetrium myometrium endometrium

what is the clitoris derived from embryologically

genital tubercle

how long is the vagina

9cm

what is meant by anteverted and anteflexed uterus

anteverted - rotated forward towards anterior body (with respect to vagina) ante flexed - flexed towards anterior body (with respect to cervix)

what is the blood supply to the female external genitalia

internal pudendal artery

what is the arterial supply of the vagina

uterine and vaginal artery - branch of internal iliac

what are the fimbriae of the fallopian tube

finger like ciliated projections which capture the ovum form the surface of the ovary

what shape are the fallopian tubes

J shaped

where is the infindulum of the fallopian tube

funnel shaped opening near the ovary that the fimbriae attach to

where does the right ovarian vein drain to

IVC

where do the labia minora lie

inside the labia majora

why can the round ligament be a source of pain during pregnancy

increased force places on the ligament by expanding uterus

what is the function of the umbilical vein

carries oxygen/ nutrient rich blood to the foetus