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Anatomy Final > Male Reproductive > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

ID this structure?

A cord of connective tissue and muscle fibers that do not elongate, therefore, holding the testes in place as the fetus enlarges, “descending” the testes.

A

Gubernaculum Testis

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2
Q

When does the spermatic cord form?

A

During the descent of the testes.

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3
Q

What makes up the spermatic cord?

A
  1. Cremaster muscle (runs along the cord)
  2. Testicular Artery
  3. Pampiniform Plexus of the Testicular Vein
  4. Ductus Deferens

Ilioinguinal and Genitofemoral Nerves from the Lumbar Plexus

Layers of Fascia

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4
Q

ID this structure.

The narrowing canals linking the scrotal chamber with the peritoneal cavity are called what?

A

Inguinal Canal

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5
Q

What’s one clinical condition that can occur at the inguinal canal?

A

Hernia.

This passageway creates a weak point in the abdominal wall.

More likely to occur in men.

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6
Q

ID this structure.

The scrotum is divided internally into two separate chambers. The partition between the two is marked externally by a raised thickening in the scrotal surface known as the…?

A

Perineal Raphe

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7
Q

ID this structure.

The structure that makes up the scrotal cavity.

A

Tunica Vaginalis.

It has a parietal and visceral layer.

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8
Q

ID this structure.

Deep to the dermis of the scrotum. Contains smooth muscle.

A

Dartos Muscle

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9
Q

What is the function of the Dartos Muscle?

A

It’s contraction causes the characteristic wrinkling of the scrotal surface and assists in elevation of the testes.

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10
Q

ID this structure.

Deep to the Dartos Muscle. Contains skeletal muscle.

A

Cremaster Muscle

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11
Q

What controls the cremaster muscle? What does this achieve?

A

The Cremasteric Reflec controls these contractions.

Contraction of the cremaster tenses the scrotum and pulls the tests closer to the body.

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12
Q

ID this strucure.

A dense fibrous layer that surrounds the testis and is covered by the tunica vaginalis.

A

Tunica Albuginea.

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13
Q

ID this structure.

The tunica albuginea surrounds the tests and the epididymis. It also extends into the interior of the testis to form fibrous partitions or septa.

These partitions converge toward what area of the testes?

A

The Mediastinum of the Testes.

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14
Q

ID this structure

The septa partitions created by the tunica albuginea separate the testis into compartments called?

A

Lobules

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15
Q

ID this structure.

The sight of sperm production.

A

Seminiferous Tubules

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16
Q

ID this structure.

It connects the seminiferous tubules to the mediastinum of the testis.

A

Straight Tubules

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17
Q

ID this structure.

The tube that runs right after the straight tubules within the mediastium.

A

Rete Testis

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18
Q

ID this structure.

What connects the Rete Testis to the Epididymis?

A

Efferent Tubules

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19
Q

Trace the path of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis.

A

Seminiferous Tubules -> Straight Tubules -> Rete Tubules -> Efferent Tubules -> Epididymis

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20
Q

ID structure.

These cells are within the seminiferous tubules and they produce male sex hormones called androgens.

A

Interstitial Cells/ Interstitial Cells of Leydig.

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21
Q

What is the most important androgen in males?

A

Testosterone.

22
Q

What are the 5 functions of Nurse Cells/Sertoli Cells?

A
  1. Maintain the Blood-Testis Barrier
  2. Support Spermatogenesis
  3. Support Spermiogenesis
  4. Secretion of Inhibin
  5. Secretion of Androgen-Binding Protein
23
Q

What are the three regions of a spermatozoon?

A
  1. Head
  2. Middle Piece
  3. Tail
24
Q

What are the two characteristics of the head of a spermatozoon.

A
  1. The tip contains the Acrosomal Cap/Acrosome. It contains enzymes that help in fertilization.
  2. The head is densely packed with chromosomes.
25
Q

What will you find in the middle piece of a spermatozoon?

A

You will find mitochondria which will provide energy for the movement of the flagella.

26
Q

What will you find in the tail of a spermatozoon?

A

Flagellum.

And it is the only example of flagellum in the human body.

27
Q

ID this structure.

This structure helps the sperm penetrate the egg during fertilization and it can be found on the heat of a sperm.

A

Acrosome / Acrosomal Cap

28
Q

Because a spermatozoon doesn’t have many intracellular structures and lacks glycogen, where would it get its nutrients?

A

It would absorb fructose from surrounding fluids.

29
Q

ID this structure.

Lies posteriorly to the testes.

A

Epididymis

30
Q

What type of epithelium lines the lumen of the epididymis?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with long stereocilia.

31
Q

What are the three regions of the epididymis?

A
  1. Head (receives spermatozoa via the efferent ducts)
  2. Body (extends inferiorly from the head of the testes)
  3. Tail (inferior portion)
32
Q

Where is main place of storage and maturation of sperm? Be specific.

A

The tail of the epididymis.

33
Q

Spermatozoa leaving the epididymis are mature, but they are immobile.

What process must they undergo to become active and motile.

A

Capacitation.

34
Q

What is the two step process of capacitation?

A
  1. Spermatozoa become motile when mixed with secretions of the seminal glands
  2. They become capable of successful fertilization when, upon exposure to conditions inside the female reproductive system tract, the permeability of the sperm plasmalemma changes.
35
Q

ID this structure

Begins at the tail of the epididymis and runs through the inguinal canal as part of the spermatic cord and ends up on the posterior end of the bladder.

A

Ductus Deferens/ Vas Deferens

36
Q

ID this structure.

Just before the ductus deferens reaches the prostate where it enlarges.

A

Ampulla of the Vas Deferens.

37
Q

Describe the walls of the ductus deferens including types of cells.

A

The walls contain a thick layer of smooth muscle (which propels spermatozoa and fluid to the external via peristaltic contractions)

Lined with Psuedostratified columnar epithelium

38
Q

ID this structure.

The junction of each ampulla with the base of the seminal gland marks that start of what?

A

Ejaculatory Duct.

39
Q

What are the three regions of a male urethra.

A

Prostatic, Membranous, and Spongy/Penile

40
Q

What glands contribute to fluid within semen?

A

Seminal vesicles, Prostate gland, and Bulbourethral glands.

41
Q

What is the function of the glands that secrete to make semen?

A
  1. Activating the spermatozoa
  2. Providing nutrients spermatozoa need for motility
  3. Producing buffers that counteract the acidity of the urethral and vaginal contents
42
Q

Seminial Glands/Vesicles:

ID Lining:

ID Volume of Semen:

ID Secretion:

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelial lining

60%

Fructose

43
Q

Prostate Gland:

ID Lining:

ID Volume of Semen:

ID Secretion:

A

Simple to a pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

20-30%

Prostatic Fluid (weakly acidic secretion) and Seminalplasmin (an antibiotic that may prevent urinary tract infections in males)

44
Q

Bulbourethral/Cowper’s Glands:

ID Lining:

ID Volume of Semen:

ID Secretion:

A

Simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelium.

15%

Alkalin Mucus

45
Q

What are the three regions of the penis?

A
  1. Root
  2. Body/Shaft
  3. Glans
46
Q

ID this structure.

A fold of skin covering the gland penis.

Also ID the glands within this region and what does it secrete?

A

Prepuce/Foreskin

Preputial Skin that secrete smegma.

47
Q

What is the surgical removal of the prepuce in males?

A

Circumcision.

48
Q

What two structures make up the three cylindrical columns of erectile tissue?

A

Corpora Caveronsa and the Corpus Spongiosum

49
Q

What structure forms the root of the penis that is associated with the Cavernosa? Spongiosum?

A

Crura

Bulb

50
Q

What is the two step procress in which sperm is released?

A
  1. Emission

2. Ejaculation

Anatomy Final (4 decks)

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