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Anatomy Final > Female Reproductive > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

ID structure.

The ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus are enclosed within this extensive mesentery.

A

Broad Ligament

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2
Q

ID structure.

What two mesenteric ligaments help to stabilize the female reproductive system that is an extension of the broad ligament?

A

Mesosalpinx -> Uterine Tube

Mesovarium -> Ovary`

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3
Q

ID structure.

The pocket formed between the posterior wall of the uterus and anterior surface of the colon.

A

Rectoeterine Pouch

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4
Q

ID structure.

The pocket formed between the anterior wall of the uterus and posterior wall of the urinary bladder.

A

Vesicouterine Pouch

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5
Q

What is the role of the ovaries?

A

They are responsible for the production of ova and the secretion of hormones.

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6
Q

ID structure.

The position of each ovary is stabilized by the mesovarium and by a pair of what two supporting ligaments?

A

Ovarian Ligament and Suspensory Ligament

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7
Q

What can be found within the suspensory ligaments?

A

The Ovarian Artery and Vein.

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8
Q

ID Structure.

The visceral peritoneum covering the surface of each ovary is called the what? What type of tissue is it made out of?

A

Germinal Epithelium

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium.

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9
Q

ID Structure.

What dense connective tissue is deep to the germinal epithelium?

A

Tunica Albuginea

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10
Q

ID Structure.

The ovary can be divided into two layers. What are they?

A
  1. Cortex

2. Medulla

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11
Q

Where does the production of gametes occur in an ovary?

A

In the superficial cortex.

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12
Q

Define oogenesis.

A

The production of female gametes.

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13
Q

Explain oogenesis before birth.

A

Stem cells, or oogonia of a female complete their mitotic divisions before birth.

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14
Q

What is a primary oocyte surrounded by?

A

Simple squamous follicular cells.

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15
Q

What is a primordial ovarian follicle?

A

A primary oocyte and follicle cells constitute a primordial ovarian follicle.

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16
Q

What does a primordial ovarian follicle develop into?

A

A primary follicle.

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17
Q

How does a primary follicle differ from a primordial ovarian follicle?

A

The follicular cells enlarge and undergo repeated cell divisions, resulting in several layers of follicular cells surrounding an oocyte.

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18
Q

ID structure.

As the cells multiple, the space opens up between the innermost follicular cells and the oocyte and the area from the interdigitating microvilli from the follicle cells and the oocyte is called the?

A

Zona Pellucida

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19
Q

ID structure.

The follicular ells that continually provide the developing oocyte with nutrients are?

A

Granulosa Cells

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20
Q

ID Structure.

As the follicular cells enlarge and multiple, adjacent cells in the ovarian stroma form a layer of what kind of cells?

A

Thecal Cells

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21
Q

Granulosa cells and thecal cells work together to release what kind of molecule?

A

Steroid Hormones called estrogen.

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22
Q

What is the most important estrogen?

A

Estrodial.

It is the dominant hormone prior to ovulation.

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23
Q

What are the five functions of estrogens?

A

1/ Stimulating bone and muscle growth

2/ Maintaining female secondary sex characteristics

  1. Affecting CNS activity, including sex related behaviors/drive
  2. Maintaining the function of the reproductive glands and organs
  3. Initiating repair and growth of the uterine lining
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24
Q

When does the transformation from a primary to secondary follicle begin?

A

When the wall of the follicles thickens and the deeper follicular cells begin secreting small amounts of fluid.

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25
Q

The fluid secreted by the follicle is known as what?

A

Follicular Fluid/ Liquor Folliculi.

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26
Q

When does a primary follicle completes turning into secondary follicle?

A

When the fluid that accumulates inside the cell separates the inner and outer layers of the follicle

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27
Q

After 8-10 days after the start of the ovarian cycle, only a SINGLE secondary follicle will be destined into a what?

A

Tertiary Follicle/ Mature Follicle/ Graafian Follicle

28
Q

ID Structure.

The expanded chamber filled with follicular fluid.

A

Antrum

29
Q

Oogenesis yields how many ovum?

A

It yields a single ovum.

30
Q

What is the process called when the gamete is released?

A

Ovulation.

31
Q

ID Structure.

The follicular cells surrounding the oocyte prior to ovulation are called?

A

Corona radiata

32
Q

What is the stimulus for ovulation?

A

A sudden rise in LH levels that weakens the follicular wall.

33
Q

After ovulation the follicle turns into what?

A

The corpus luteum

34
Q

The formation of the corpus luteum occurs under what kind of hormonal stimulation?

A

LH Stimulation

35
Q

What is the role of the corpus luteum?

A

It produced steroid hormones known as progestins, most importantly, progesterone.

36
Q

What is the role of progesterone in the postovulatory period?

A

To continue the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy.

37
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if the egg doesn’t get fertilized?

A

Fibroblasts invade the non-functional corpus luteum, producing a knot of scar tissue called the corpus albicans.

38
Q

What hormone triggers a rise in FSH and LH production after the luteal phase is about to end?

Where is it released?

A

Gonadotropin-Releasing hormone (GnRH).

Via the hypothalamus.

39
Q

Where does FSH and LF get released?

A

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

40
Q

What happen to the other follicles that did get to ovulate?

A

They get degraded into a process called atresia.

41
Q

What are the four region of the uterine tubes?

A
  1. Infundibulum (with the Fimbriae)
  2. Ampulla
  3. Isthmus
  4. Uterine Part
42
Q

What is the epithelium lining the uterine tube?

A

both ciliated and nonciliated simple columnar cells.

43
Q

How long does it take to move the egg from the infundibulum to the uterine cavity?

A

3-4 days

44
Q

If fertilization were to occur, how soon would a spermatozoa have to meet up with an oocyte?

A

12-24 hours.

45
Q

Where does fertilization occur most frequently?

A

Ampulla of the uterine tube.

46
Q

If the uterus bends anteriorly near the base is is a condition called?

If the uterus bends backwards towards the sacrum, this is a condition called?

A

Anteflexion

Retroflexion

47
Q

What are the three paired suspensory ligaments that hold the uterus in place? What direction do they permit movement?

A
  1. Uterosacral Ligament -> inferiorly and anteriorly
  2. Round Ligament -> posteriorly

Cardinal Ligaments -> inferiorly

48
Q

ID Structure

What is the largest region of the uterus? What are the two names.

A

Uterine body/ Corpus

49
Q

ID Structure

The rounded portion of the body superior to the attachment of the uterine tubes.

A

Fundus of the Uterus

50
Q

Trace from uterine cavity to the external.

A

Uterine Cavity -> Internal Os, Cervical Canal -> External Os -> Vagina

51
Q

What are the two ayers of the endometrium?

A
  1. Functional Layer

2. Basilar Layer

52
Q

Which endometrial layer contains most of the uterine glands and contributes to most of the endometrial thickness?

A

Functional Layer

53
Q

What supplies blood to the basilar layer? (3)

A

Arcuate Arteries -> Radial Arteries -> Straight Arteries -> Basilar Layer

54
Q

What supplies blood o the functional layer?

A

Spiral Arteries

55
Q

What layer stays constant throughout the menstrual cycle? What changes?

A

The basilar layer stays constant, while the functional layer changes.

56
Q

What are the three phases of the Uterine cycle/Menstrual cycle?

A
  1. Menses
  2. Proliferative Phase
  3. Secretory Phase
57
Q

What is this?

Painful menstruation or uterine inflammation.

A

Dysmonrrhea

58
Q

What is the first uterine cycle called?

A

Menarche (ages 11-12)

59
Q

What is the last uterine cycle called>

A

Menopause (ages 45-55)

60
Q

The vaginal lumen is lined with what kind of epithelia?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium.

61
Q

Mammary gland development requires a combination of hormones.

What two hormones stimulate this? Where do they come from?

A

Prolactin (PL) and Growth Hormone (GH).

Via the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

62
Q

In addition to Prolactin and Growth Hormone, one more hormone aids in mammary gland production.

What is it? and where is it coming from.

A

Human placental lactogen. (HPL)

Via the placenta

63
Q

ID structure.

If fertilization occurs, the zygote undergoes a series of cell division forming a hollow ball of cells known as a?

A

Blastocyst.

64
Q

Within a few days, the blastocyst contacts the endometrial wall, erodes the epithelium, and buries itself in the endometrium. This process is known as…?

A

Implantation

65
Q

The placenta is an edocrine organ that secretes 3 important hormones. What are they and what do they do?

A
  1. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) -> resembles LH and allows for the corpus luteum to remain alive, after about 3 months, the placenta will take over with the secretion of hormones
  2. Relaxin -> increases flexibility of the pelvis and cases dilation of the cervix
  3. Human Placental Lactogen -> helps to prepare the mammary glands for milk producion

Anatomy Final (4 decks)

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