Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ER HCB > Male Repro > Flashcards

Male Repro Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

describe the processus vaginalis

A
  • evagination of peritoneal cavity and membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe the testicular transabdominal descent

A
  • retroperitoneal
  • through inguinal canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe the tunica vaginalis

A
  • peritoneal sac
  • remnant of the processus vaginalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe cryptorchidism

A
  • condition when testes do not descend into the scrotum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe tunica albuginea

A
  • 2 layers:
    • outer = thick, dense irregular CT
    • inner = loose CT
      • tunica vasculosa with blood vessels
  • extends inward to form speta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name the 2 cells populations in seminiferous epithelium

A
  1. Sertoli cells
  2. spermatogenic cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe Sertoli cells

A
  • supporting/sustenacular cells
  • columnar cells
  • tight junctions join adjacent Sertoli cells
    • forms blood-testis barrier
  • secrete inhibin
    • ​hormone that inhibits FSH secretion
  • secretes androgen binding protein
    • binds testosterone to keep concentration high
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe spermatogenic cells

A
  • spermtagonia (2n, 2d) = basal side
    • stem cells
    • Type A dark and pale
    • Type B
  • primary spermatocytes (2n, 4d)
  • secondary spermatocytes (1n, 2d)
  • spermatids (1n, 1d)
  • spermatazoa (1n, 1d) = luminal side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe 4 phases of spermiogenesis

A
  1. Golgi phase
    • formation of acrosomal vesicle
    • assembly of microtubule axoneme flagellum (9+2)
  2. Cap phase
    • formation of acrosomal cap
  3. Acrosome phase
    • spermatid reorients and head becomes embedded in the Sertoli cell
    • Formation of middle piece with mitochondria
  4. Maturation phase
    • forms mature spermatazoa
    • loss of intracellular bridges
    • spermatids released from Sertoli cells into lumen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the parts of the spermatazoa

A
  • head
    • acrosomal cap with acrosomal enzymes
      • essential for penetration of zona pelucida in egg
    • nucleus has 23 condensed chromosomes
  • tail (flagellum)
    • neck
    • middle piece which contains mitochondria
    • principal piece
    • end piece
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the location of Leydig cells

A
  • interstitial cells that are located in spaces between adjacent seminiferous tubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name characteristics of Leydig cells

A
  • large, eosinophillic cells
  • small, round nucleus
  • numerous lipid droplets (producing steroid -> testosterone)
    • large amount of sER
  • Reinke crystals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe function of Leydig cells

A
  • secrete testosterone
    • embryo: essential for development of male gonads
    • puberty:
      • initiation of spermatogenesis, accessory gland secretion and secondary sex characteristics
    • adult: maintenance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A
17
Q
A

EM of Leydig cell

lipid droplets and extensive sER

18
Q
A

Reinke crystal within a Leydig cell

19
Q

contrast the intratesticular ducts from excurrent ducts

A
  • intratesticular
    • seminiferous tubules
    • straight tubules (tubuli recti)
    • rete testis
  • excurrent ducts
    • efferent ductules
    • epididymis
    • ductus deferens (vas deferens)
    • ejaculatory ducts
20
Q

describe tubuli recti and rete testis

A
  • tubuli recti aka straight tubules = short terminal portion of seminiferous tubule
    • only contains Sertoli cells changing to simple cuboidal
  • rete testis
    • network of channels
    • simple cuboidal to low columnar
21
Q

describe efferent ductules

A
  • connects rete testis to epididymis
  • pseudostratified columnar epi. – looks scalloped/jagged
    • tall cells with cilia
    • short cells with microvilli
    • basal stem cells
  • function is to transport sperm
22
Q

describe the epididymis

A
  • secretion of GPC
  • storage and maturation of sperm (12 days)
  • role in decapacitation
    • reversibly inhibits fertilizing ability of sperm; recapcitated in female repro. tract
  • pseudostratified epi.
    • principal cells (tall columnar cells w/ stereocilia)
    • basal cells (stem cells)
23
Q

describe the ductus deferens

A
  • pseudostratified epithelium
  • 3 muscular layers
    • inner
    • middle
    • outer
24
Q

describe the path of seminal vesicles and function

A
  • paired glands posterior to bladder
    • ducts joins ampulla of ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct
  • secrete a whitish yellow, alkaline, viscous fluid (60% of semen volume)
    • high in fructose for ATP production
25
Q

describe secretion of prostate

A
  • citric acid
    • ATP production
  • prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
    • used to check for health of prostate (cancer)
  • prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)
    • also used to check for health of prostate)
  • seminalplasmin
    • antibiotic
  • fibrolysin
    • liquefies semen
  • produces about 25% of volume of semen
26
Q

describe the 4 zones of the prostate

A
  • central zone
    • surrounds ejaculatory ducts
    • 25% glandular tissue
  • peripheral zone
    • surrounds central
    • 70% glandular
    • most prostatic carcinomas arise from peripheral
  • transition zone
    • surrounds prostatic urethra
    • 5% glandular
    • benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
  • periurethral zone
    • mucosal and submucosal gland
27
Q

the prostate converts ____ to _____

A

the prostate converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

28
Q

how to tell apart prostate from seminal vesicles?

A

prostate has round, circular concretions

29
Q

describe the bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands)

A
  • paired glands inferior to prostate on either side of the membranous urethra
    • ducts open into the penile (spongy) urethra
  • secrete clear, mucus-like fluid into the penile urethra
    • simple columnar epithelium
      • clear mucus secretion
30
Q
A

efferent ductules; jagged/scalloped epithelium

31
Q
A

epididymis

32
Q
A

epididymis

33
Q
A

ductus deferens (vas deferens)

34
Q
A

seminal vesicle

35
Q
A

prostate gland–can see the concretions

36
Q
A

bulbourethral glands; contain glandular epithelium (simple columnar) so that they can secrete a clear, mucus secretion which is the preseminal fluid

ER HCB (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions