Male Repro

Question 1

What are the testes responsible for?

Answer 1

Production of the male gametes, spermatozoa, and secretion of testosterone

Question 2

What are the system of ducts that collects and stores spermatozoa and conducts their maturation?

Answer 2

ductuli efferentes, epididymis, ductus deferens, and ejaculatory duct

Question 3

What are the two exocrine glands in the male and what do they do?

Answer 3

seminal vesicles and prostate gland; secrete a nutritive and lubricating fluid called seminal fluid

Question 4

What does semen consist of?

Answer 4

seminal fluid, spermatozoa, and desquamated duct lining cells

Question 5

What kind of organ is the penis and what are its accessory glands?

Answer 5

organ of copulation; bulbourethral glands of Cowper

Question 6

What do the bulbourethral glands of Cowper do?

Answer 6

Secrete a fluid which lubricates the urethra for semen passage during ejaculation.

Question 7

What is the exocrine component of the testes?

Answer 7

spermatozoa

Question 8

What is the endocrine component of testes aka what are the cells and what do they produce?

Answer 8

Leydig cells produce testosterone and sertoli cells - estrogen

Question 9

What is the structure of the testis?

Answer 9

Capsule - dense irregular CT; forms tunica albuginea, covered by tunica serosa

Question 10

What is the stroma of the testis include?

Answer 10

mediastinum testis and septula testis

Question 11

What is mediastinum tesits?

Answer 11

Areolar CT at anterior pole; surround the rete testis

Question 12

What is the septula testis? What does it extend to and from? Whats it divide?

Answer 12

septae of CT extends from tunica albuginea to mediastium; divides testis into lobules

Question 13

What do the seminiferous tubules contain?

Answer 13

Basal lamina, myoid cells, stratified epithelium, sertoli cells

Question 14

What does the stratified epithelium include in the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 14

Developing germ cells and sertoli cells

Question 15

What are sertoli cells?

Answer 15

supporting cells or nurse cells; gametes embedded in these cells; they have a tall traingle shape with a vesicular nucleus

Question 16

What is the function of sertoli cells?

Answer 16

Physical and nutritional support; phagocytosis, estrogen secretion, andeogen-binding protein, and activin and inhibin

Question 17

What is the location of spermatogenesis?

Answer 17

seminiferous tubules

Question 18

What cells support spermatogenesis?

Answer 18

sertoli cells do nutritionally, hormonally, and morphologically

Question 19

What cells create the blood-testis barrier?

Answer 19

setoli cells

Question 20

What is the blood testis barrier?

Answer 20

adjacent sertoli cells held together by tight junctions above the level of spermatogonia

Question 21

What is spermatogenesis?

Answer 21

process of producing spermatozoa

Question 22

What are the 3 stages of spermatogenesis?

Answer 22

mitosis, meiosis, metamorphosis

Question 23

What happens in spermatocytogenesis which is the mitotic stage?

Answer 23

spermatogonia divide and give rise to spermatocytes

Question 24

What happens in meiosis

Answer 24

spermatocyte becomes haploid spermatid

Question 25

Mitosis is the duplication of what type of cells?

Answer 25

identical diploid cells

Question 26

Meiosis is the production of what type of cells?

Answer 26

genetically different haploid cells

Question 27

What stage is spermatogonia in, where are they located?

Answer 27

involved in mitosis; located at periphery of seminiferous tubule

Question 28

What are A cells?

Answer 28

stem cells that have a round nucleus with condensed chromatins

Question 29

Upon mitotic division, one cell remains an A stem cell and what happens to the other?

Answer 29

it divides and its daughter cells become intermediate spermatogonia which deivide to produce B spermatogonica which produce primary spermatocytes

Question 30

What are primary spermatocytes, what do they represent, what "n" is the cell, what occurs in this period?

Answer 30

Largest cell of series; represents beginning of meiosis; cell has 4n DNA; chromosomal cross over occurs; genetic diversity

Question 31

What are secondary spermatocytes, what "n", what do they undergo?

Answer 31

smaller, 2n, undergo 2nd meiotic division

Question 32

What are spermatids start out as then become what morphological characteristic, what n?

Answer 32

starts out small and round, nuclei become flattened and heterochromatic, haploid 1n

Question 33

When are mature spermatozoa formed? What do they consist of? Development of what occurs? What does the head consist of?

Answer 33

Formed during metamorphosis; consist of head, neck, middle piece, principal piece, end piece. Development of acrosome, flagellum, nuclear condensation. Head - acrosomal cap contains hyaluronidase

Question 34

What are the overall stages of spermatogenesis from beginning to end?

Answer 34

Spermatogonia > primary spermatocytes > secondary spermatocytes > spermatids > mature spermatozoa

Question 35

What condition is cryptorchidism and what does it most frequently occur in?

Answer 35

hereditary; swine and equine

Question 36

What does bilateral retention result in?

Answer 36

sterility due to thermal supression of spermatogenesis

Question 37

What could you give that may potentially cause testicle descent in cryptorchidism?

Answer 37

FSH, HCG

Question 38

Where are Leydig cells and what do they do?

Answer 38

in CT bw seminiferous tubules; produce testosterone

Question 39

What are straight tubules epithelium and what do they connect?

Answer 39

Simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium; connect seminiferous tubules to rete testis

Question 40

Where are Rete testis located and what do they do?

Answer 40

mediastium; secretes fluid

Question 41

What do Ductuli efferentes connect, what their epithelium?

Answer 41

connect rete testis to epididymis; cilitated, simple columnar

Question 42

What secretes testosterone and what does it control the release of?

Answer 42

Leydig cells; controls release of LH

Question 43

Epithelium of Rete testis?

Answer 43

columnar ciliated

Question 44

Epithelium of Ductuli efferentes?

Answer 44

pseudostratified columnar ciliated

Question 45

What does the ductus epididymis do?

Answer 45

coiled tube sthat stores sperm while it matures.

Question 46

What does the ductus epididymis consist of? Whats its epithelium? What does it connect to?

Answer 46

head, body , tail; pseudostratified columnar with sterocilica; connects to ductus defferes

Question 47

How long does it take for sperm to get through epididymis and what do they become?

Answer 47

10-15 days; motile and gain partial ability to fertilize

Question 48

What is the epithelium of the ductus deferens? What does it gradually lose? What does it contain? It has a thick what?

Answer 48

pseudostratified columnar, gradually loses stereocilia; lumen contains spermatozoa; tunica muscularis is very thick

Question 49

What happens in the epidydimis? How long is sperm there?

Answer 49

maturation of sperm; 2 weeks

Question 50

Epithelium of epididymis?

Answer 50

pseudostratified columnar with sterocilia

Question 51

What is another name for Brucellosis? What is it?

Answer 51

Epididymitis; impaired fertility of rams

Question 52

What does Brucellosis cause in the Ewe?

Answer 52

placentitis and abortion

Question 53

How many layers of smooth muscle does the ductus deferens have?

Answer 53

3

Question 54

What is the peristaltic contraction controlled by?

Answer 54

sympathetic nervous system

Question 55

What is the ampulla?

Answer 55

terminal part of vas deferens

Question 56

What is the seminal vesicle associated with and whats it do?

Answer 56

ductus deferens; secrete a major seminal fluid

Question 57

What is the prostate? Epithelium?

Answer 57

accessory gland; simple cuboidal to columnar

Question 58

Is the seminal vesicle alkaline or basic? Whats the purpose of this property?

Answer 58

alkaline; helps neutralize acidity from vaginal tract to keep sperm alive

Question 59

What do the secretions of seminal vesicles contain?

Answer 59

proteins, fructose, mucus, vitamin C, flavins, phosphorylcholine, and prostaglandins.

Question 60

Appearance of vesicular glands? Epithelium?

Answer 60

cluster of grapes; simple columnar

Question 61

What ducts does the prostate gland have and what are they?

Answer 61

ejaculatory ducts; part of vas deferens joined with duct of seminal vesicles

Question 62

What doe the prostate gland do and what does its function contain?

Answer 62

produces 1/2 of seminal fluid; contains peoteolytic enzymes and citric acid; fibrinolysin helps liquefy coagulated semen and disperse sperms in vagina

Question 63

What is the epithelium of the prostate gland?

Answer 63

tall columnar secretory

Question 64

Inflammation of the prostate gland is called what

Answer 64

prostatitis

Question 65

Urethra epithelium?

Answer 65

transitional

Question 66

What is the colliculus seminalis?

Answer 66

pelvic part of urethra; area wher deferens ducts and seminal vesicles and prostatic ducts empty into urethra

Question 67

Parts of penis

Answer 67

crura, body, glands

Question 68

Structure of body of penis contains?

Answer 68

Capsule, erectile tissue, glands

Question 69

Erectile tissue is composed of what?

Answer 69

corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum

Question 70

Glans of penis is extension of what and covered by what epithelium?

Answer 70

extension of corpus spongisum, covered by stratified squamous of prepuce

Question 71

How long can sperm survivie in avian sperm storage tubules and where does fertilization occur?

Answer 71

10 days; right next to ovary gland

Question 72

Where are the sperms stored in avian?

Answer 72

sperm storage tubules in uterovaginal junction