Male Repro Flashcards
What are the testes responsible for?
Production of the male gametes, spermatozoa, and secretion of testosterone
What are the system of ducts that collects and stores spermatozoa and conducts their maturation?
ductuli efferentes, epididymis, ductus deferens, and ejaculatory duct
What are the two exocrine glands in the male and what do they do?
seminal vesicles and prostate gland; secrete a nutritive and lubricating fluid called seminal fluid
What does semen consist of?
seminal fluid, spermatozoa, and desquamated duct lining cells
What kind of organ is the penis and what are its accessory glands?
organ of copulation; bulbourethral glands of Cowper
What do the bulbourethral glands of Cowper do?
Secrete a fluid which lubricates the urethra for semen passage during ejaculation.
What is the exocrine component of the testes?
spermatozoa
What is the endocrine component of testes aka what are the cells and what do they produce?
Leydig cells produce testosterone and sertoli cells - estrogen
What is the structure of the testis?
Capsule - dense irregular CT; forms tunica albuginea, covered by tunica serosa
What is the stroma of the testis include?
mediastinum testis and septula testis
What is mediastinum tesits?
Areolar CT at anterior pole; surround the rete testis
What is the septula testis? What does it extend to and from? Whats it divide?
septae of CT extends from tunica albuginea to mediastium; divides testis into lobules
What do the seminiferous tubules contain?
Basal lamina, myoid cells, stratified epithelium, sertoli cells
What does the stratified epithelium include in the seminiferous tubules?
Developing germ cells and sertoli cells
What are sertoli cells?
supporting cells or nurse cells; gametes embedded in these cells; they have a tall traingle shape with a vesicular nucleus
What is the function of sertoli cells?
Physical and nutritional support; phagocytosis, estrogen secretion, andeogen-binding protein, and activin and inhibin
What is the location of spermatogenesis?
seminiferous tubules
What cells support spermatogenesis?
sertoli cells do nutritionally, hormonally, and morphologically
What cells create the blood-testis barrier?
setoli cells
What is the blood testis barrier?
adjacent sertoli cells held together by tight junctions above the level of spermatogonia
What is spermatogenesis?
process of producing spermatozoa
What are the 3 stages of spermatogenesis?
mitosis, meiosis, metamorphosis
What happens in spermatocytogenesis which is the mitotic stage?
spermatogonia divide and give rise to spermatocytes
What happens in meiosis
spermatocyte becomes haploid spermatid
Mitosis is the duplication of what type of cells?
identical diploid cells
Meiosis is the production of what type of cells?
genetically different haploid cells
What stage is spermatogonia in, where are they located?
involved in mitosis; located at periphery of seminiferous tubule
What are A cells?
stem cells that have a round nucleus with condensed chromatins
Upon mitotic division, one cell remains an A stem cell and what happens to the other?
it divides and its daughter cells become intermediate spermatogonia which deivide to produce B spermatogonica which produce primary spermatocytes
What are primary spermatocytes, what do they represent, what “n” is the cell, what occurs in this period?
Largest cell of series; represents beginning of meiosis; cell has 4n DNA; chromosomal cross over occurs; genetic diversity
What are secondary spermatocytes, what “n”, what do they undergo?
smaller, 2n, undergo 2nd meiotic division
What are spermatids start out as then become what morphological characteristic, what n?
starts out small and round, nuclei become flattened and heterochromatic, haploid 1n
When are mature spermatozoa formed? What do they consist of? Development of what occurs? What does the head consist of?
Formed during metamorphosis; consist of head, neck, middle piece, principal piece, end piece. Development of acrosome, flagellum, nuclear condensation. Head - acrosomal cap contains hyaluronidase
What are the overall stages of spermatogenesis from beginning to end?
Spermatogonia > primary spermatocytes > secondary spermatocytes > spermatids > mature spermatozoa
What condition is cryptorchidism and what does it most frequently occur in?
hereditary; swine and equine
What does bilateral retention result in?
sterility due to thermal supression of spermatogenesis
What could you give that may potentially cause testicle descent in cryptorchidism?
FSH, HCG
Where are Leydig cells and what do they do?
in CT bw seminiferous tubules; produce testosterone
What are straight tubules epithelium and what do they connect?
Simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium; connect seminiferous tubules to rete testis
Where are Rete testis located and what do they do?
mediastium; secretes fluid
What do Ductuli efferentes connect, what their epithelium?
connect rete testis to epididymis; cilitated, simple columnar
What secretes testosterone and what does it control the release of?
Leydig cells; controls release of LH
Epithelium of Rete testis?
columnar ciliated
Epithelium of Ductuli efferentes?
pseudostratified columnar ciliated
What does the ductus epididymis do?
coiled tube sthat stores sperm while it matures.
What does the ductus epididymis consist of? Whats its epithelium? What does it connect to?
head, body , tail; pseudostratified columnar with sterocilica; connects to ductus defferes
How long does it take for sperm to get through epididymis and what do they become?
10-15 days; motile and gain partial ability to fertilize
What is the epithelium of the ductus deferens? What does it gradually lose? What does it contain? It has a thick what?
pseudostratified columnar, gradually loses stereocilia; lumen contains spermatozoa; tunica muscularis is very thick
What happens in the epidydimis? How long is sperm there?
maturation of sperm; 2 weeks
Epithelium of epididymis?
pseudostratified columnar with sterocilia
What is another name for Brucellosis? What is it?
Epididymitis; impaired fertility of rams
What does Brucellosis cause in the Ewe?
placentitis and abortion
How many layers of smooth muscle does the ductus deferens have?
3
What is the peristaltic contraction controlled by?
sympathetic nervous system
What is the ampulla?
terminal part of vas deferens
What is the seminal vesicle associated with and whats it do?
ductus deferens; secrete a major seminal fluid
What is the prostate? Epithelium?
accessory gland; simple cuboidal to columnar
Is the seminal vesicle alkaline or basic? Whats the purpose of this property?
alkaline; helps neutralize acidity from vaginal tract to keep sperm alive
What do the secretions of seminal vesicles contain?
proteins, fructose, mucus, vitamin C, flavins, phosphorylcholine, and prostaglandins.
Appearance of vesicular glands? Epithelium?
cluster of grapes; simple columnar
What ducts does the prostate gland have and what are they?
ejaculatory ducts; part of vas deferens joined with duct of seminal vesicles
What doe the prostate gland do and what does its function contain?
produces 1/2 of seminal fluid; contains peoteolytic enzymes and citric acid; fibrinolysin helps liquefy coagulated semen and disperse sperms in vagina
What is the epithelium of the prostate gland?
tall columnar secretory
Inflammation of the prostate gland is called what
prostatitis
Urethra epithelium?
transitional
What is the colliculus seminalis?
pelvic part of urethra; area wher deferens ducts and seminal vesicles and prostatic ducts empty into urethra
Parts of penis
crura, body, glands
Structure of body of penis contains?
Capsule, erectile tissue, glands
Erectile tissue is composed of what?
corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum
Glans of penis is extension of what and covered by what epithelium?
extension of corpus spongisum, covered by stratified squamous of prepuce
How long can sperm survivie in avian sperm storage tubules and where does fertilization occur?
10 days; right next to ovary gland
Where are the sperms stored in avian?
sperm storage tubules in uterovaginal junction
