Male Pathology - Penis and Scrotum Flashcards
Abnormal opening on the ventral surface of penis Due to faulty closure of urethral folds
Hypospadius (most common malformation)
Abnormal opening on the dorsal surface of the penis Due to defect in the genital tubercle
Epispadias
Orifice of prepuce is to small to retract over the head of the penis Due to prepuce scarring from prior infection
Phimosis
Inflammation/infection of the glans
Balanitis
Inflammation/infection of the glans and prepuce
Balanoposthitis Uncircumcised males with poor hygiene Accumulation of smegma leads to infection (Candida, pyogenic bacteria, and anaerobes) Inflammatory scarring may produce acquired phimosis
Balanitis Xerotic Obliterans (Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus)
A type of fibromatosis
Painful contractures of the penis
May cause infertility
Peyronie’s Disease
Types of squamous cell carcinoma in situ
Bowen’s Disease
Erythroplasia of Queyrat
Bowenoid papulosis
Involves the shaft of the penis and scrotum
Usually >35 yo
Associated with HPV type 16 and 18
Precursor for invasive squamous cell carcinoma (~10%)
Associated with other types of visceral cancer
Bowen’s Disease (Leukoplakia)
Redness located on the mucosal surface of the glans and prefuce
HPV type 16 association
Precursor for invasive squamous cell carcinoma
Erythroplasia of Queyrat
Multiple pigmented reddish brown papules on the external genitalia
Associated with HPV type 16
Does NOT develop into invasive squamous cell carcinoma
Is only CIS with no predisposition for invasion
Bowenoid Papulosis
Normal squamous epithelium of penile skin
HPV effect on penile skin
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of penile skin - No invasion
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of penile skin – No invasion
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Most common cancer of the penis
Men 40-70 yo
Common sites = glans or mucosal surface of prepuce
HPV type 16, 18 association in 2/3 of cases
Metastasizes to inguinal and iliac nodes
What are some risk factors for Invasive Squamous Cell carcinoma?
Lack of circumcision
Bowen’s disease
Erythroplasia of Queyrat
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Fills subepithelial tissue but does not invade corpus cavernosum (cc)
Abnormal enlargement of the vein that is in the scrotum draining the testicles
Varicocele
“bag of worms”
Common cause of infertility –> heat decreases spermatogenesis
Where do the right and left spermatic veins drain into?
Left spermatic vein drains into the left renal vein – blockage of L renal vein can produce a varicocele (renal cell carcinoma invading renal vein)
Right spermatic vein drains into the vena cava – blockage of R spermatic vein produces right sided varicocele (retroperitoneal fibrosis)
Accumulation of fluid around the testis, due to fluid secreted into a potential space called the tunica vaginalis (TV)
Most common cause of scrotal enlargement (bike riders)
Hydrocele
