Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMSC3146 > Male infertility > Flashcards

Male infertility Flashcards

1
Q

Reasons for male infertility

A 
Problems with male reproductive system (30%)
Varicoceles
Infection 
Obstruction 
Endocrine problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Testicular varicocele

A

Abnormally dilated pampiniform plexus

Which is the venous network that drains blood from the testicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Varicocele responsible for what percentage of infertility?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are varicoceles diagnosed?

A

Dubin system

Intraobserver variation in diagnosis of grade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cause of varicocele

A

Multi-factorial mechanisms by which dilated scrotal veins impair spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anatomical differences in venous drainage between the left and right internal spermatic vein

A

Account for predominance of left sided varicocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Progressive toxic effects of varicoceles

A

Elevated temperature and oxidative stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Increase temperature in the testicles

A

Decreases sperm count and sperm quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mechanism of damage in varicocele

A

Unknown, presumed to be due to damage to DNA and proteins in the nucleus of spermatic tubule cells and Leydig cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Radiation causing infertility by Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF)

A

Have negative effects on semen parameters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

RF-EMF affects..

A

Kinase role in cellular metabolism and produces genotoxicity, genomic instability and oxidative stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

RF-EMF is omitted from..

A

Mobile phones, laptops and microwave ovens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Specific absorption rate (SAR) absorbed by human tissue depends on..

A

Frequency, intensity, polarisation, duration of exposure and position of the device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Radiation responsible for causing infertility due to..

A

Over production of ROS in exposed cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Desai et al., 2009

A

Concluded that RF-EMF exposure might induce DNA damage due to increase oxidative stess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Desai et al., 2009

DNA damaged due to increase oxidative stress

A

May accelerate spermatoxoal cell death and promote testicular carcinogenesis

17
Q

Pandey et al 2017

A

Reported sig increase in abnormal cells- spermatogonia and decrease spermatids
Sig increase in DNA damage at 4hrs and 8 hrs exposure in male Swiss albino mice

18
Q

Post-testicular obstructive azoospermia

A

Sperm is produced normally inside the testicle but there is a blockage or obstruction in the reproductive tubing that is preventing sperm from flowing out

19
Q

Example of post-testicular obstructive azoospermia

A

Retrograde ejaculation

20
Q

Retrograde ejaculation

A

Is the abnormal backward flow of semen into the bladder with ejaculation

21
Q

What percentage of infertility is caused by RE?

A

0.3-2%

Jefferys et al 2012

22
Q

RE is associated with

A

Dysfunction of the internal urethral sphincter mechanism

23
Q

RE dysfunction caused by

A

Autonomic neuropathy or iatrogenic damage to sympathetic nerves or the bladder neck

24
Q

RE diagnosis

A

Examine post-orgasm or post-coital urine samples

25
Q

RE urine analysis

A

Sperm in urine

Vroege et al found fructose may also be found in urine analysis

26
Q

Treatment of varicocele

A

Varicocelectomy

Can restore normal scrotal temperature

27
Q

Limitation of varicoceletomy studies

A

Do not address factors that can affect scrotal temperature other than varicoceles e.g. external exposure to heat and daily postural changes

28
Q

Abdel-Meguid et al 2011 showed..

A

Using 145 participants that inguinal varicocele repair sig improved semen parameters

29
Q

Spontaneous pregnancy achieved by inguinal varicocele repair

Abdel-Meguid et al 2011

A

9%

30
Q

Varicocele repair is preferred method of treatment before..

A

TESE/ICSI in all azoospermic men who have clinically palpable varicoceles

31
Q

Treatment of radiation

Meena et al 2014

A

Proposed melatonin treatment to reverse effects of RF-EMF for sperm count, testosterone levels and DNA fragmentation

32
Q

Roychonduhury et al 2017 suggested for RF-EMF damage

A

Consume green tea

Decreases oxidative stress

33
Q

Treatment of RE

A

Sperm retrieved from epididymis or testis by TESE or PESA

Followed by IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICIS)

34
Q

Abrahams 1975 suggested what treatment for RE

A

Bladder neck reconstruction

2 patients went on to father children

BMSC3146 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions