Male Hypogonadism Flashcards
1
Q
What is male hypogonadism?
A
Failure of the testes to produce testosteron, sperm or both
2
Q
What are the features of male hypogonadism?
A
- Decreased libido
- Small testes
- Gynaecomastia
- Erectile dysfunction
- Loss of pubic hair
- Loss of muslce bulk
- Increased fat
- Osteoporosis
- Decreased mood
3
Q
What are the features of male hypogonadism if the patient is prepubertal?
A
- Decreased virilisation
- Incomplete puberty
- Eunuchoid body (indeterminant sexual characteristics)
- Reduced secondary sex characteristics
4
Q
What causes primary male hypogonadism?
A
- Testicular failure
- Trauma
- Torsion
- CHemotherapy/radiation
- Post orchitis (inflammation of the testicles)
- Mumps
- HIV
- Leprosy
- Renal failure
- Liver cirrhosis
- Alcohol excess
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- Klinefelter’s syndrome
- Anorchia (born without testes) is rare
5
Q
What causes secondary male hypogonadism?
A
- Decreased gonadotropins (LH and FSH)
- Hypopituitarism
- Prolactinoma
- Kallman’s syndrome
- Systemic illness
- Prader-Willi syndrome
6
Q
What is Kallman’s syndrome?
A
- A disorder characterised by isolatd gonadotropin releasing hormone deficiency
- Presents with anosmia and colour blindness
7
Q
How is male hypogonadism treated?
A
Testosterone replacement
8
Q
What are the contraindications of testosterone therapy?
A
- Hypercalcaemia
- Nephrosis
- Polycythaemia
- Prostate cancer
- Monitor PSA
- Breast cancer
- Liver cancer
