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Clin Med III Exam II > Male GU Disorders > Flashcards

Male GU Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is cryptorchidism

A

a hidden ball, one doesn’t descend

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2
Q

What are the two phases of testes descent

A
  1. transabdominal- dependent on insulin like hormone 3

2. inguinoscrotal descent- dependent on androgens

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3
Q

Where do most balls get stuck?

A 
-high scrotal
      then
inguinal canal
       then 
abdominal
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4
Q

What is associated with cryptorchidism

A

low birth weight/ prematurity

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5
Q

Why does cryptorchidism occur

A

the gubernaculum is not firmly attached to the scrotum and the testis is not pulled into the scrotum

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6
Q

Does cryptorchidism put a male at a higher risk for testicular cancer

A

YES

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7
Q

What should primary care providers palpate the testes for

A

quality and position

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8
Q

When should a patient with cryptorchidism be referred? To who?

A

if testis does not descend before six months refer to surgical specialist

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9
Q

What should not be done before referring a male with cryptorchidism

A

US or other imaging modalities to find testicle

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10
Q

What should not be done to treat crptorchidism

A

hormone therapy

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11
Q

When should surgery be preformed if testis has not descended by 6 months

A

within the next year

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12
Q

What do you need to do for unilateral or bilateral descended testes with hypospadias or bilateral nonpalpapble testes?

A

-CONSULT
-determine sex
Measure:
17- hydroxylase progesterone
testosterone
LH
FSH

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13
Q

Imaging for cryptorchidism

A

CONSULT

  • US/CT/MRI
  • diagnostic laparoscopy
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14
Q

Treatment for cryptorchidism

A
  • orchiopexy

- human chorionic gonadotropin (low success rate)

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15
Q

What are the complications with an undescended testes

A

-inguinal hernia

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16
Q

What are many undescended testes associated with

A

patent tunica vaginalis

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17
Q

What is a hydrocele

A

fluid build up in the scrotum

18
Q

What is the etiology of a pediatric hydrocele

A

congenital abnormality that typically resolves in the first year of life

19
Q

What is a non communicating hydrocele

A

due to minor trauma, inflammatory conditions, epididymitis, testicular torson, tumor

20
Q

What is a communicating hydrocele

A

due to a patent processus vaginalis that occurs during a period of increase abdominal fluid or pressure

21
Q

S/S of hydrocele

A

scrotal swelling and pain

22
Q

Physical exam for hydrocele

A
  • palpate for masses

- transillumination to asses for fluid

23
Q

Where do varicoceles occur more often

A

on the left

24
Q

Why do varicoceles form

A

dilation of the pampiniform plexus

25
Q

What is the give away that a patient has a varicocele

A

scrotum feels like a bag of worms

26
Q

S/S of varicocele

A
  • tortuous swelling
  • scrotal mass
  • discoloration
27
Q

Why do you treat a varicocele

A

fertility

28
Q

What is hypospadias

A

abnormal location of urethra/urethral opening

29
Q

Three locations of hypospadias

A
  • anterior
  • middle
  • posterior
30
Q

Where does hypospadias typically occur

A

anterior (glanular or subcoronal)

31
Q

What causes hypospadias

A

failure of fusion of the urethral folds, endodermal differentiation adn ectodermal ingrowth in gestation weeks 8 to 20

32
Q

Treatment of hypospadias

A
  • ?nothing
  • dont circumcise
  • surgery (?testosterone pretreatment)
33
Q

What is phimosis

A

the foreskin cannot be fully retracted over the glans penis (foreskin is fused to gland)

34
Q

What causes phimosis

A
  • tip of the foreskin is too narrow to pass over the glans
  • inner surface of the foreskin is fused with the glans
  • the frenulum is too short to allow complete retraction
35
Q

When is phimosis pathological?

A

if difficulty urinating or associated with abnormal sexual functions

36
Q

Treatment of phimosis

A
  • steroid creams
  • manual stretching
  • changing masturbation habits
  • circumcision
37
Q

What is paraphimosis

A

SURGICAL EMERG

-foreskin cannot be retracted back once pulled behind the glans

38
Q

What is a complication of paraphimosis

A

ischemia to gland

39
Q

S/S of paraphimosis

A
  • penile pain, swelling, enlargement

- if prolonged ischemia–>autoamputation

40
Q

How do you treat a paraphimosis

A
  • manual retraction
  • circumcision
  • bedside emergency dorsal slit

Clin Med III Exam II (11 decks)

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