Male GU Flashcards
which prostatic lobe most common for cancer
posterior lobe (one palpated during DRE)
indirect hernia
- most common for both sexes
- above the inguinal ligament
- often into the scrotum
direct hernia
- less common, usually in men
- above the inguinal ligament
- rarely into the scrotum
femoral hernia
- least common
- more common in women than men
- never into the scrotum
inspection of penis
- compress the glands to express any discharge from urethral meatus
- can put the sample on a glass slide or send for culture
testicular self-exam
- best performed during or after a bath/shower
- exam each testicle with both hands. gently roll the testicle b/w the thumbs and fingers
- locate the epididymis on the posterior surface of the testicle
- follow up with doc if any lumps or tenderness
prostate cancer
- most common non-skin cancer
- 2nd leading cause of cancer death in men in US
- screening test: DRE and PSA
- PSA screening can detect some cases of prostate cancer (also detect false pos)
prostate cancer - current recommendation
- insuff evidence in prostate cancer screening in men 75y/o
testicular cancer - current recommendation
- recommends against routine screening for testicular cancer
hypospadias
- congenital displacement of the urethral meatus on the inf surface of the penis along the urethral groove
- assoc with congenital renal abnormalities
phimosis
- foreskin can’t be retracted over the penis
- very painful with an erection
- hygiene issues
- treatment - circumcision
hydrocele
- fluid filled mass within the tunica vaginalis
- transilluminated with a light
cryptorchidism
- undescended testicle
- usually atrophied
- increased risk for cancer
primary syphilis
- treponema palldium - causative organism
- syphilitic chancre - painless round or oval erosion or ulcer. non-tender enlarged inguinal lymph nodes are common
secondary syphilis
any unexplained rash on body, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet
syphilis - lab tests
- non-treponemal tests (common false pos)
1. RPR - rapid plasma regain
2. VDRL - venereal disease research lab - confirmatory tests
1. FTA-ABS - fluorescent treponemal Ab absorbed
2. TP-PA - T. pallidum particle agglutination
3. dark field microscopy
syphilis - current recommendation
- strongly recommends screening patients at increased risk for syphilis infection
- strongly recommends screening all pregnant women for syphilis infection
- recommends against routine screening of asymptomatic patients who are not at increased risk
high risk sexual behavior
- all sexually active persons 24 y/o and younger
- PMH of STD
- new or multiple sexual partners
- inconsistent condom use
- exchanging sex for money or drugs
- early onset of sexual activity
genital herpes
- cluster of small vesicles. burning and painful. progress to ulcers or a erthymic base
- dx: viral culture of the fluid in the vesicle
- herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 - causative organism
genital herpes - primary infection
- painful lesions
- lymphadenopathy
- fever
- maliase
genital herpes - recurrent infection
- localized lesions and less symptoms
2. viral shedding is usually asymp
genital herpes - pregnant women
- can vertically transmit HSV to infant during birth
- recommend C-section so child won’t go through vaginal canal
genital herpes - diff b/w HSV-1 and 2
serological testing
genital herpes - tx
acute and suppressive therapy
