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PCM 2.1 > Female GU > Flashcards

Female GU Flashcards

1
Q

menopause

A

absence of menses for 12 consecutive months (usually age 48-55y/o)

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2
Q

post-menopausal bleeding

A
  • bleeding occurring 6 months or more after cessation of bleeding
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3
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

pain with menses

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4
Q

polymenorrhea

A

menses at abnormally frequent intervals

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5
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

abnormally scant or infrequent menses

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6
Q

menorrhagia

A

excessive bleeding

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7
Q

metrorrhagia

A

bleeding b/w periods

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8
Q

gravida-para notion

A
  • G - gravida - number of pregnancies
  • P - para - outcome of pregnancies
    1. T = term > 37 weeks
    2. P = premature
    3. A = abortion < 20 weeks
    4. L = living
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9
Q

palpation of Skene’s glands and Bartholin’s glands

A
  • Skene’s glands - 10 and 2 o’clock

- Bartholin’s glands - 4 and 8 o’clock

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10
Q

cystocele

A

prolapsed bladder

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11
Q

rectocele

A

prolapsed rectum

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12
Q

insertion of speculum

A
  • hold at 45 degree angle and point downward or posterior
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13
Q

gravid cervical os shape

A

slit-like

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14
Q

transitional landmarks

A
  • transformation zone (TZ)

- true squamocolumnar junction (SCJ)

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15
Q

transformation zone

A
  • where premalignant changes and neoplasia occur

- encompasses immature and mature squamous metaplasia

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16
Q

true squamocolumnar junction

A
  • proximal limit of squamous metaplasia

- usually not visualized (within endocervical canal, approx 3cm from observed SCJ)

17
Q

cervix in fertile phase

A
  • os is open, soft

- fertile mucus

18
Q

cervix in infertile phase

A
  • os closed, hard

- no mucus

19
Q

bimanual exam

A
  • palpate cervix
  • palpate uterus
  • palpate each ovary - often not palpable
20
Q

version and flexion of uterus

A
  • version - relationship b/w fundus of uterus and vagina

- flexion - relationship b/w fundus of uterus and cervix

21
Q

rectovaginal exam

A
  • to palpate retroverted and retroflexed uterus and uterosacral ligaments
  • screen for colorectal cancer in women >50 y/o
  • assess pelvic pathology in posterior rectovaginal pouch (Pouch of Douglas)
22
Q

location of mature female breast

A
  • extends from level of 2nd rib to inframammary fold at 6th rib
  • extends transversely from the lateral border of the sternum to MAL
23
Q

mm the breasts rest on

A

deep or posterior surface of the breast rests on the fascia of:

  1. pec major
  2. serratus ant
  3. ext oblique abdominal
24
Q

suspensory ligaments of Cooper

A
  • fibrous bands of CT

- travel through breast, insert perpendicularly into the dermis, and provide structural support

25
Q

lactiferous sinus epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

26
Q

major ducts epithelium

A

2 layers of cuboidal cells

27
Q

minor ducts epitheium

A

single layer of columnar or cuboidal cells

28
Q

arterial supply of the breast

A
  • perforating branches of the internal mammary artery
  • lateral branches of posterior intercostal arteries
  • branches from the axillary artery, including the highest thoracic, lateral thoracic, and pectoral branches of the thoracoacromial artery
29
Q

medial mammary arteries

A

consist of

  1. 2nd, 3rd, and 4th ant intercostal perforators
  2. branches of the internal mammary artery
30
Q

lateral mammary branches

A

arises from lateral thoracic artery

31
Q

axillary tail drains into which node

A

subscapular group of axillary nodes

32
Q

upper portion of breast drains into which node

A

infraclavicular nodes

33
Q

medial part of breast drains into which nodes

A
  • sub mammary plexus of the opposite breast

- lymph glands along the internal thoracic artery and then to the mediastinal nodes

34
Q

inferior part of the breast drains into which nodes

A

lymphatics of abdominal wall and to extra peritoneal lymphatic plexus

35
Q

most of the lymph from subareolar and and submammary plexus drain where

A

anterior or pectoral groups of axillary nodes

36
Q

breast inspection position

A

patient in seated position, inspect breasts with

  1. arms at sides
  2. arms over head
  3. hands against hips
  4. palms pressed together
  5. arms extended and bent forward at the waist
37
Q

palpation of breast - patient position

A
  • perform with patient supine and ipsilateral arm above head

- used finger pads and not fingertips

38
Q

palpation of breast - different levels of pressure

A
  • light pressure - feel tissue closest to skin
  • medium pressure - feel a little deeper
  • firm pressure - feel tissue closest to chest and ribs

PCM 2.1 (5 decks)

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