Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Exam 3 Advanced Health Assessment > Male Genitourinary > Flashcards

Male Genitourinary Flashcards

1
Q

Cremasteric muscle

A

Muscle that controls scrotum contraction and relaxation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Glans

A

Tip of the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epididymis

A

comma-shaped structure that is located on top of the testis. Functions to store, mature, and transition sperm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Spermatogenesis
- Temp

A

Spermatogenesis is the creation of sperm cells. Takes place in the testis. Requires a temperature lower than 37 degrees Celsius.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of the testis?

A

Creation of spermatozoa - sperm cells
Creation of testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vas deferens

A

Ejaculatory duct, connects with the seminal vesicle, feeds into the urethra.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prostate gland
- Function

A

Chestnut shaped gland that surrounds the urethra at the bladder neck. Produces a large amount of ejaculatory fluid that helps liquefy sperm, which comes out coagulated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At what age do fetuses differentiate with genitalia formation?

A

Genitalia formation occurs between weeks 8 and 12. Injury or insult to the fetus during this time can result in damage to the forming external genitalia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some risk factors for infertility in males?

A
  • Tight fitting clothing, briefs, hot baths, employment at facilities with elevated temperatures, prolonged sitting - spermatogenesis occurs at temperatures lower than 37 degree C.
  • Ignorance of partners ovulation cycle
  • History of varicocele, hydrocele, or undescended testes
  • Certain medications (steroids, testosterone, marijuana
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dorsal VS ventral

A

Dorsal is top
Ventral is bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phimosis

A

Unretractable foreskin seen in uncircumcised males. Can occur early in life as a result of balanitis (inflammation of the glans) as a result of bacterial or fungal infections.

Can occur later in life, especially in patient’s with uncontrolled diabetes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Priapism

A

Prolonged, often painful erection. Most cases are idiopathic, but some other cases are caused by conditions such as leukemia or sickle cell disease. Some impotence medications can also result in priapism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which testis often hangs lower and why?

A

The left testis often hangs lower than the right, this is because the left testis has a longer spermatic cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chordee
- Commonly seen alongside?

A

A congenital abnormality of the penis’s curvature. Most evident on erection.

Commonly associated with hypospadias.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypospadias
- Commonly seen alongside?
- Contraindication

A

Urinary meatus located on the ventral surface of the penis. Congenital abnormality.

Commonly seen alongside chordee.

Contraindication for circumcision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Peyronie’s Disease

A

Condition that causes curvature of the penis due to scar tissue formation (plaque). Can cause pain with erections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth. Typically, both testes descend into the scrotum before birth or during the immediate time after delivery.

Can increase risk of infertility if left untreated. Treatment is surgical in nature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Escutcheon

A

Triangle patch of hair that develops and thickens during puberty. In males, the triangle is upwards, toward the umbilicus, where pubic hair often grows. Normal finding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hydrocele

A

Development of a fluid filled sac surrounding the testis. Can be seen as swollen testis. Commonly seen during infancy due to incomplete tunica vaginalis formation. Most commonly disappears spontaneously. Painless.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Spermatocele

A

Benign cystic accumulation of sperm occurring on the epididymis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Testicular torsion

A

Twisting of testis around the spermatic cord. Surgical emergency. Extreme pain. Testicles are riding high due to shortened spermatic cord. Scrotal discoloration can be present.

Results in ischemia of the testis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Varicocele

A

Abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins of the pampiniform plexus within spermatic cord. Usually asymptomatic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Male Tanner stages

A

Stage 1 - (infant) - small size and shape of the male external genitalia
Stage 2 - (around age 11, onset of puberty) - enlargement of the scrotum and testes. Scrotal sac changes in color and skin texture.
Stage 3 - (around 13) - voice changes, penis size increases, testes drop more.
Stage 4 - (around age 14) - penis continues to enlarge, testes continue to develop
Stage 5 - (adult)

24
Q

What is examined with retraction of the foreskin?

A

Observing for phimosis (unretractable foreskin). Phimosis is most commonly seen early in life or in adults with uncontrolled diabetes. Bacterial and fungal infections result in balanitis or inflammation of the glans.

25
What is examined with finger moved along the vas deferens?
Palpating for inguinal hernias.
26
What is examined by pressing the glans between finger and thumb?
Urethral discharge
27
What is examined when transilluminating a mass?
Observing for hydrocele, hernia, or cancer
28
What is examined when the testes are gently compressed?
Palpating for tender testes.
29
How does sexual function change in the elderly?
- Erections take longer to come about - Decreased sensation with orgasms - Scrotum more pendulous - Decreased thickness of pubic hair
30
What are the risk factors for penile cancer?
- HPV - Lack of circumcision with failure to maintain hygiene - Phimosis (inability to retract the foreskin) - Age - Smoking - HIV
31
What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?
- Cryptorchidism - undescended testicle - Personal or family history of testicular cancer - HIV - Age (20-34 years) - Race - white most common - Androgen suppression
32
What are some risk factors associated with uncircumcised penises? How to examine an uncircumcised penis?
1. Penile cancer 2. UTI 3. HIV acquisition 4. STI acquisition Uncircumcised penis is examined by retracting the foreskin. Smegma can be a normal finding. The skin should retract easily. Inability of the foreskin to retract is known as phimosis.
33
Transillumination of the scrotal sac - How - Why - Findings
Shining a flashlight through the scrotum to better differentiate suspicious findings. - Mass passes light through when transilluminated. No change in size of mass when reduced. This most likely indicates fluid filled mass (hydrocele) - Mass that does not transilluminate but does reduce in size with reduction. Most likely a hernia. - Mass does not transillumionate or change in size with reduction - cancer or incarcerated hernia.
34
Types of hernias - What is a hernia? - Types and presentation - How is this exam performed?
A hernia is the protrusion of the peritoneal-lined sac through some defect in the abdominal wall. 1. Indirect inguinal - most common. Through internal inguinal ring, can enter the scrotum. Soft swelling in area of internal ring. Pain on straining. 2. Direct inguinal - less common, more common in older populations. Through external inguinal ring. Bulge seen in Hesselbach triangle. Painless. Easily reduced. 3. Femoral - rare. Females more often. Right more common than left. Severe pain. Examination for hernia begins with the patient in the standing position. Have the patient bear down as if having a BM. Observe for any bulging in the inguinal region. Insert finger into lower part of the scrotum and carry upwards. Once external ring is palpated, have the patient cough feeling for a bulge against your finger during the cough.
35
Anal Canal
Terminal portion of the GI tract that connects the large intestines to the rectum.
36
Anal Fistula
Infected tunnel that forms between the anus and the surrounding skin
37
Anorectal Fissure
A tear or split in the lining of the rectum that can occur with constipation, trauma to anal area. Can be a cause of bright red blood when wiping after BM.
38
Enterobiiasis
Thread worms, roundworms, or pinworms. Light grey worms that most commonly infect children but can infect adults. Causes perianal itching, especially at night. Infection occurs when the host swallows the pinworm eggs. These eggs can be passed between people or picked up on contaminated food. Treated with ant parasitic medications.
39
Hemorrhoids
Swollen or inflamed veins and blood vessels that are located in the rectum. These veins cause bleeding and discomfort. Hemorrhoids are usually formed from straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, or obesity.
40
Imperforate anus
Congenital defect in which the opening to the anus is missing or blocked. Can occur in a variety of ways - at the opening or further up the rectum.
41
Pilonidal cyst
Small fluid filled sac that is located near the cleft of the buttocks. Most commonly caused by ingrown hairs. Can cause pain and irritation.
42
Polyp
Abnormal growth of tissue projecting from the mucous membrane. Can occur anywhere in the GI tract. Can be benign or malignant. Can protrude from the anus occasionally.
43
Prostate
A chestnut shaped gland that surrounds the male urethra. Sized similarly to a testicle. Functions to provide ejaculatory fluid which helps break apart the conjugated semen. Can enlarge with age resulting in urinary issues.
44
Pruritus ani
Itching of the anus. Most commonly associated with fungal infections in adults and parasites in children.
45
Rectal prolapse
Protrusion of the rectum through the anus. Chronic constipation, multiple vaginal deliveries, weakening of the pelvic floor muscles can all be related to the prolapse.
46
Rectum
Connects the large intestine and the anus
47
Severe rectal pain with a fever
Perianal abscess
48
Absence of meconium stool passage in an infant
Imperforate anus
49
Feels smooth and firm with a 4-cm protrusion into the rectum
BPH with purulent drainage
50
Elevated red granular tissue opening on perianal skin
Anorectal prolapse
51
Feels boggy, enlarged, and tender to palpation
Prostatitis
52
Feels hard, nodular, unable to palpate sulcus
Prostate cancer
53
Soft, nodules palpated with rectal examination
Rectal polyp
54
Digital rectal exam of the prostate
The prostate gland is located on toward the anterior portion of the rectum (toward the patient's belly button). It should be palpated during a digital rectal exam. A normal prostate is firm, smooth, and slightly movable. It should not be tender. A healthy prostate is 4cm in diameter and allows 1cm protrusion into the rectum wall. Rubbery or boggy - BPH Stoney - carcinoma Tender, soft - prostatic abscess
55
Anal patency confirmation in infants
Typically confirmed by passage of meconium stools or via first rectal temperature. If concern is raised, a lubricated catheter can be inserted into anal opening, going no further than 1 cm into the rectum.
56
Tailor position
Sitting, feet together in front of patient, kinda like criss cross but not crossing legs
57

Exam 3 Advanced Health Assessment (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions