Growth and Nutrition Flashcards
What are the 3 functions of food?
- Provide energy for activities
- To build and maintain body tissues
- To regulate body processes
What are the two hormones that control growth hormone secretion? Where are they secreted from?
- Growth hormone releasing hormone - secreted from the hypothalamus. Does what its name suggests.
- Growth hormone inhibiting hormone - secreted from the hypothalamus. Inhibits both growth hormone and TSH release.
Where is growth hormone secreted from? What are it’s functions? When is it secreted the most?
Growth hormone is a hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland. Secretions occurs in pulses, with 70% being secreted at night during deep sleep. Growth hormone plays a primary role increasing organ size and overall growth. It regulates macronutrient metabolism.
How does thyroid hormone stimulate growth?
Thyroid hormone stimulates growth hormone release. It also helps produce insulin-like growth factors such as IGF-1 and interleukins.
What is IGF-1? Where is it produced?
IGF-1 is a growth hormone that is produced by the liver and bones. Its exerts a negative feedback loop on the effect of growth hormone.
What is ghrelin? What does it do?
Ghrelin is a peptide that is produced by stomach tissue. Known as the “hunger hormone”, it helps control the body’s growth by stimulating hunger and increasing food intake.
What is leptin? Where is it made? Function?
Leptin is also known as the “satiety hormone” - this hormone produced by adipose tissue and alerts the body that enough nutrients are present. Decreases food consumption which reduces growth.
Physical activity recommendations for ages 6-17
60 minutes or more of physical activity and play a day.
-This includes aerobic activity (running, biking, jogging, swimming)
- Muscle strengthening (lifting weights, resistance training.
- Bone strengthening exercises (lifting weights, impact exercises)
Physical activity recommendation for ages 18-64
Adults should aim to move more and sit less. A good goal is 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of intense exercise every week. Aerobic activity is the gold standard and it is recommended that the activities last at least 10 minutes and are spread throughout the week.
Physical activity recommendations for ages 65 and older
Do as much as you can safely do. Same as adult guidelines but altered to keep the aging adult safe.
What is the 24 hour diet recall? Limitations?
Provider asks the patient to recall all foods, beverages, and snacks they have consumed in the last 24 hours. This also includes how the meals were prepared.
Limitations include - inability to accurately recall all dietary info. Lack of scope (patient might have been on holiday or something).
What is a food diary?
Patient records all foods and drinks consumed in a diary as they are consuming the foods. This is a more accurate form of keeping track of dietary intake but is time consuming.
Vegetarian and vegan diets
Both vegetarian and vegan diets can adequately meet nutritional requirements. This requires more planning and variety of foods consumed to achieve.
5 essential nutrients are commonly missing from these types of diets:
1. Vitamin B12
2. Vitamin D
3. Calcium
4. Protein
5. Iron
How is a BMI calculated?
[Weight (in lbs) / height (in inches)squared] x 70
What is a normal BMI?
Underweight - under 18.5
Healthy - 18.5 - 24.9
Overweight - 25 - 29.9
Obese - 30 or greater
What is the waist-circumference ratio?
A way of measuring a person’s visceral or abdominal fat when compared with their height. Patients with a greater abdominal girth and shorter statue are at increased risk for DM2, dyslipidemia, HTN, and cardiovascular disease.
When is BMI calculated for pediatric patients?
BMI can be calculated on pediatric patients same as adults. The amount of body fat in children varies considerably on age and sex. The pediatric BMI scale takes these into consideration.
