Male Genital System & Lower Urinary Tract Flashcards
T/F: Abnormal urethral orifices are quite common
True 1/300
Hypospadias vs Epispadias
Hypo ventral surface (bot) MC
Epi dorsal surface (top)
What is Balanitis
Inflam of the glans penis
What is Balanoposthitis
Inflam of the prepuce (foreskin)
What is phimosis
Inability to retract prepuce, MC acquired
95% of penile neoplasms are what type
SCC, <1% of male CA Dx
What is SCC in situ, solitary on shaft, 10% becoming invasive
Bowen Disease
Neoplasia of the scrotum is rare, but what type is MC
SCC
What is inc. serous fluid in tunica vaginalis, MC cause of scrotal enlargement, infxn, tumor idiopathic, Dx. transluminescence
Hydrocele
What is filariasis dealing with the scrotum
Elephantiasis (of the nuts, Randy Marsh) Wuchereria bancrofti
What is Cryptorchidism, Dx. at 1, 1% of live births 10% bilat
Failure of testicle to descend, MC idiopathic
Testicular atrophy and sterility will occur by what age in Cryptorchidism
5 years old
Crytorchidism inc. the risk for testicular CA by what fold
3-5x
What is orchitis
Inflam of the testis
What virus causes 20% of orchitis in adults
Mumps virus
Caseous granulomas are indicative of what
TB
What is testicular torsion
spermatic cord twisting (untwist within 6 hours!)
In adult testicular torsion, which is MC 12-18, what deformity is seen
Bell-clapper deformity
If not resolved in 6 hrs. or not part of the 1/3 that spontaneously resolve what is the Tx for testicular torsion
Surgical repair
What is Varicocele
Enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus of the scrotum
If there is Varicocele what should you consider
Abdominal malignancy, MC renal cell carcinoma
This neoplasia is discovered between 15-34, MC CA in this group, 6/100,000, 5% lethal
Testicular neoplasia
T/F: Having a brother with testicular CA inc your risk by 8-10x
True!
What kind of tumors are benign, from sertoli (nurse) and Leydig (testost) cells
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors
What kind of tumors are malignant 95% postpubertal testicular tumors from intratubular germ cell neoplasia
Germ Cell Tumors (GCTs)
Seminomas and Nonseminomatous GCTs are both types of what
GCTs
Which type of GCT has a more favorable prognosis 30-40, soft mass, well demarcated, gray-white, large uniform round nuclei, few lymphocytes, late mets, radiosensitive
Seminomas
Pathologies of the peripheral zone of the prostate are typically what
Carcinomas
Pathologies of the transitional zone of the prostate are typically what
Hyperplasia
Prostatitis is MCly what
Chronic nonbaterial 90-95% aka Chronic pelvic pain syndrome
What condition: Hyperplasia, idiopathic, >40, 90% of males >70, 10% symptomatic, nocturia
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
What are the side effects of Transurethral resection of the Prostate
Incontinence, erectile dysfunction
What condition: 30% of all male CA Dx 10% of CA deaths, MC indolent, adenocarcinomas, 80% in peripheral zone, MC 65-75
Carcinoma of the prostate
Prostate CA on Xray may look like what on the vertebral bodies
They may appear brighter
What is Hydronephorsis
Dilation of the renal pelvis/calyces
What is the MC cause of Hydronephrosis
Congenital: atresia in male infants
Calcium oxalate is the MC cause of what
Renal Calculus (kidney stone)
What inc. the risk for renal calculus
Dehydration, UTIs, dec vit A, gout,
How are Staghorn Calculi different
MC from recurrent infxns, Mg ammonium phosphate
Vomiting/wt. loss, Arthritis, HA, dizzines, Diplopia are all toxicity symptoms of what
Vit. A
What is being described: Blind-ended pouch in bladder wall, MC acquired, MC small and asymp, infxn risk
Diverticulum
What is being described: Inflamm of urinary bladder, Bacterial infxn, suprapubic pain, urinary freq, painful sex
Cystitis
Urothelial carcinoma (90%) and SCC (5%) are the two primary types of what type of CA
Bladder CA (7% of CA in men)
Painless hematuria with a high recurrence are both features of what
Bladder CA
