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Systems Path II Final > Female Genital System and Breast > Flashcards

Female Genital System and Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MC condition of the Vulva (allergic contact or infxn)

A

Inflammation (Vulvitis)

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2
Q

What is a Bartholin cyst

A

Obstruction/dilation of a Bartholin gland, can be painless or painful

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3
Q

Which epithelial disorder: Epidermal thinning (atrophy)

smooth white lesion near labia minora, dermal fibrosis, idiopathic/autoimmune, young and old, 5% SCC

A

Lichen Sclerosus

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4
Q

Which epithelial disorder: Epithelial Hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis (thickened), chronic irritation, underlying dermatosis, no CA risk

A

Lichen Simplex Chonicus

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5
Q

T/F: Both L.S. and L.S.C. resemble leukoplakia

A

True

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6
Q

Which neoplasia: warty lesions, post infection

A

Condyloma

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7
Q

Which Condyloma is secondary to syphilis, flat, moist, painless

A

Condylomata Lata

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8
Q

Which Condyloma is genital warts

A

Condylomata Acuminata

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9
Q

Which neoplasia: Rare, >60, late mets, 90% SCC, exophytic or ulcerative, Non-HPV-related SCC MC (older women, iso, no VIN, lichen sclerosus

A

Vulvar Carcinoma

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10
Q

T/F: Congenital malformations of the vagina are common

A

FALSE, they are rare

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11
Q

Which condition: Vaginal inflam, Leukorrhea, pain, itching, MC benign and transient, infxns (fungi- C. albicans white or Trichomonas vaginalis green)

A

Vaginitis

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12
Q

Which vaginal CA: Rare, MC .60, HPV inc risk, Pre-CA vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia

A

SCC

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13
Q

Which vaginal CA: Rare, red/granular foci, ADR- mom took diesthylstilbestrol, 40x inc risk

A

Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

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14
Q

Which vaginal CA: Rare, MC <5 years, soft polypoid mass, embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Sarcoma Botryoides

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15
Q

What skeletal m. tumor: Aggro CA, areas of little skeletal m., MC pediatric soft tissue sarcoma, variable appearance, Tx. excision, chemo, radiation, 2/3 cured

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

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16
Q

What condition: Inflam of the cervix, Common, MC benign, poss asymptomatic, leukorrhea, pain, itching, bleeding, fever, pelvic exam

A

Cervicitis

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17
Q

What is the MC infectious cause of Cervicitis

A

Chlamydia 40%

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18
Q

What are the non-infectious causes of Cervicitis

A

Acute-postpartum

Chronic-reproductive age women estrogen flux or trauma

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19
Q

HPV-16 and HPV-18 involve in 70% of what cases

A

Neoplasia of the Cervix

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20
Q

Cervical neoplasia, endocervix vs exocervis

A

Endo-columnar

Exo-squamous

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21
Q

Which neoplasia of the cervix: HPV leads to dysplasia, MC Dx at 30, Cervical CA peaks 15 years later

A

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

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22
Q

Low-grade CIN vs High-grade CIN

A

Low-observe, 60% regress 10% pro

High-excision, 30% regress, 10% lead to CA

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23
Q

What is Koilocytosis

A

Cellular changes from HPV

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24
Q

Because CIN is asymptomatic, how is it usually cauguth

A

Early detection via screening - Pap. Smear

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25
Q

Which vaginal CA: SCC (75%) adenocarcinoma, carcinoid, all from HPV infxn, MC Dx. mid 40s

A

Invasive Carcinoma of the Cervix

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26
Q

What it the location of invasive cervical cancer

A

Transformation zone

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27
Q

Invasive cervial CA is MC in which women

A

Those who lack screening

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28
Q

Death from invasive cervical CA is MC from

A

Local invasion: renal failure

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29
Q

What is the Tx for invasive cervical cancer

A

Hysterectomy and lymph node excision

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30
Q

Barrel Cervix is seen in what

A

Invasive cervical CA

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31
Q

Endometritis is an inc. risk for what

A

Ectopic pregnancy/infertility

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32
Q

What is extrauterine endometrial tissue in 10% of all reproductive age women, 1/2 of all infertility cases

A

Endometriosis

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33
Q

Chocolate cyst, along with the 3 theories of regurgitation, metaplasia, or vasculary/lymphatic dissemination are all related to what

A

Endometriosis

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34
Q

What is Metrorrhagia

A

Irregular, between periods (spotting)

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35
Q

What condition: overgrowth of endometrial cells, inc. estrogen, or failed ovulation, risk for endometrial carcinoma, several biopsies, 5-50% chance for CA transformation

A

Endometrial Hyperplasia

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36
Q

Which proliferative lesion of the uterus: MC female genital tract CA, MC 55-65, Enlarged uterus, leukorrhea, metrorrhagia, late lymph mets = good prognosis

A

Endometrial carcinoma

37
Q

Which type of endometrial carcinoma hyperplasia, permenopausal, inc estrogens, diabetes, HTN, infertility

A

Endometrioid 80%

38
Q

Which type of endometrial carcinoma is endometrial atrophy, post-menopausal, aggro

A

Serous 15%

39
Q

What are seeile/cystic masses .5-3 cm, any age MC around menopause, abnormal uterine bleeding CA risk

A

Endometrial polyps

40
Q

Leiomyomas and Leiomyosarcomas are both what kinds of tumors

A

Smooth m. tumors

41
Q

Which smooth m. tumor has benign fibroids, multiple, reproductive age women, inc estrogens, Af. americans

42
Q

Which smooth m. tumor is malignant, postmenopausal, MC mets to lungs 5 year survival 40%, Tx. excision, commonly recur

A

Leiomyosarcoma

43
Q

What is Salpingitis

A

Inflamm of the fallopian tubes MC

44
Q

Which condition: adenocarcinoma, MC located on fibriae, Dx late, invades peritoneal cavity

A

Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

45
Q

What is a serous-filled cyst, 1-4 cm, graafian or ruptured follicles, may enlarge and rupture, palpable mass, hemorrhage

A

Ovarian Cysts

46
Q

What condition: Multiple cystic follicles, ovaries double in size, 15% of repro age women, oligomenorrhea or infertile, obesity, familial

A

Polycystic Ovarian Disease

47
Q

8th MC CA in US for women, 5th MC cause of CA death, prolonged oral contraception dec risk

A

Tumors of the ovary

48
Q

What tumors account for 90% of ovarian CA, may be benign or malignant, repeated ovulation leading to metaplasia

A

Surface Epithelial Tumors

49
Q

95% of surface epithelial tumors have a mutated what gene

50
Q

Which surface epithelial tumor: MC, 60% benign 30-40, 25% malig 45-65, Large 40cm, 25% bilat, 60% of all ovarian CAs, 15% 10 year survival

A

Serous Tumors

51
Q

Which surface epithelial tumor: MC malignant, 30% bilat

A

Endometroid Tumors

52
Q

What kind of tumor is a Ca of the GI tract that has spread to the ovaries, Signet-ring cells, lymph mets, 80% bilat, Dx. 45 y/o, 2% of all ovarian tumors

A

Krukenberg Tumor

53
Q

What is a tumore arising from all 3 germ cell layers, 20% of ovarian tumors, MC in first 2 decades, symptoms late, benign (90%) or malig, younger inc. CA risk

A

Ovarian Teratoma

54
Q

BEAT relating to ovarian CA

A

Bloating, Eating less feeling fuller, Abdominal pain, trouble with GI

55
Q

Which placental infxn is MC, from premature rupture of membranes, neutorphils and edema, MC bacterial, STIs or normal flora

56
Q

Which placental infxn is from Toxoplasmosis, rubella virus, CMV, HSV

A

Transplancental

57
Q

What is nonuterine implantation of a fertilized egg (fallopian tube 90%), 1% of all pregnancies

A

Ectopic pregnancy

58
Q

What condition is a group of tumors resulting from abnormal fertilization, mimics early pregnancy, no fetal heart sounds and too large for date

A

Gestational Trophoblastic disease

59
Q

What is a benign “grape-like” cystic mass

A

Hydatidiform Mole (complete no fetal parts or partial early fetla parts)

60
Q

Which type of gestational trophoblastic disease: is benign, but locally invasive, may rupture leading to life-threatening hemorrhage

A

Invasive Mole

61
Q

Which type of gestational trophoblastic disease: malignant, from complete mole or after preg or abortion, may be aggro. Tx. chemo is about 100% cure

A

choriocarcinoma

62
Q

What condition: MC mets to lungs, “cannon ball metastasis”

A

Choriocarcinoma

63
Q

What condition is characterized by: HTN >20 weeks, Proteinuria, Edema in face or periphery, MC Dx. in 3rd tri, 5-10% of all pregnancies, Inc. risk >35 and first pregnancy

A

Preeclampsia

64
Q

What condition is characterized by: Onset of seiqures, elevated BP, maternal end-organ failure, HA, abnormal vision, poss coma, 10% develop HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets), Tx magnesium sulfate anti-hypertensive meds

65
Q

What is the MC congenital breast abnormality

A

Inverted Nipple

66
Q

What is Galactocele

A

Obstructed mammary gland duct

67
Q

Breast CA is the #1 female CA, but where does it ranke for CA-related death

68
Q

What is a fibroadenoma

A

Benign solid tumor containing glandular and fibrous tissu

69
Q

What is the MC benign condition of the breast

A

Fibrocystic changes

70
Q

What comes from menstrual hormonal fluctuations, MC in superolate quadrant, little clinical significance, oral contraception dec. risk

A

Fibrocystic changes

71
Q

What type of fibrocystic chage is MC, dilated ducts, multiple cysts, calcific densities on mammograph

A

Non-proliferative

72
Q

What type of fibrocystic change has ducts with epithelial hyperplasia

A

Proliferative

73
Q

Which inflam breast lesion is a small chalky white mass

A

Fat necrosis

74
Q

What is ductal dehydration MC 40-60, nonbacterial, chronic inflamm, periareolar mass, poss nipple retraction

A

Mammary Duct Ectasia

75
Q

Which tumor of the breast is benign the MC, 20-30, solitary, fir, mobile, 1-10 cm

A

Fibroadenoma

76
Q

Which tumor of the breast can be benign (85%) or malig, Late mets good prog, rapid growth, leaf-liek appear

A

Phyllodes Tumor

77
Q

20% lethal, 5% before 40, 75% after 50 what condition does this describe

78
Q

Where are 50% of breast CA found

A

Superolateral quadrant

79
Q

what does the basement membrane have to do with breast CA

A 
No = in situ
Yes = Invasive or infiltrating
80
Q

What condition: Non-invasive, rarely palpable, mixed cells, necrosis/calcification, great prognosis (97%), Tx excision,

A

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

81
Q

Paget Disease of the Nipple

A

Eczema-like skin lesion 1-4% of all breast CA

82
Q

What condition: uniform cells, mucin vacuoles, rarely calcific, MC incidental Dx, Chemo, bilat mastectomy

A

Lobular carcinoma in situ

83
Q

What type of breast CA, invades into and adheres to pectorals, lymphatic mets = dimpling of skin and nipple inversion, poss lymphedema

A

Invasive (infiltrating) carcinoma

84
Q

Which invasive breast CA: From DCIS, 70-80% of all breast CAs, heterogenous cells with irregular boarders, firm/fibrotic/palp mass

A

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

85
Q

Which invasive breast CA: From LCIS, aggo growth, mult masses, palp or occult, Mets to CSF GI ovary uterus or marrow

A

Invasive Lobar Carcinoma

86
Q

Which invasive breast CA: <1%, anaplastic cells, BRCA1 common, “Triple Negative

A

Medullary Carcinoma

87
Q

Where does breast CA MC mets

88
Q

T/F: Post-op recurrences of CA is very predictable

A

False, unpredictable

89
Q

T/F: Male breast carcinoma rapidly invades the thorax, MC in elderly, 50% mets at Dx.

Systems Path II Final (3 decks)

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