Male Genital Pathology

Question 1

What are male pseudohermaphrodites?

Answer 1

External female genitalia with testes occupying the normal position of the ovaries.

Question 2

What is a true hermaphrodite? Is it more common is more rare than pseudohermaphrodites?

Answer 2

Animals have one testis and one ovary or a combined ovotestis. More rare.

Question 3

What can be seen/felt grossly in hypoplastic testes? What about microscopically?

Answer 3

Hypoplastic testes with normal consistency, there is incomplete or absent spermatogenesis, with hypoplastic and normal tubules mingled.

Question 4

What are some potential causes of hypoplastic testicles?

Answer 4

Congenital or pre-puberty (nutrition, genetic, endocrine)

Question 5

What are some potential causes of atrophic testicles?

Answer 5

Increased scrotal temperature ( e.g. inflam), decreased blood supply, vit A or zinc deficiency, drugs, radiation, obstruction

Question 6

When are hypoplastic testicles usually noticed?

Answer 6

Often not until after puberty

Question 7

What can be seen/felt grossly in atrophic testes? What about microscopically?

Answer 7

Testes reduce in size after puberty. Testes are reduced in size and firm on palpation. Microscopic changes are similar to hypoplasia but may also include fibrosis and granuloma formation (a reaction to the degenerating
spermatozoa).

Question 8

What is inflammation of the testes called?

Answer 8

Orchitis

Question 9

What are some potential causes of orchitis?

Answer 9

Haematogenous spread (e.g. Brucella abortus), trauma, reflux (from anywhere else in UGTract)

Question 10

What is the main way epididymitis occurs?

Answer 10

Arises mainly by ascending infection from the accessory sex glands and urogenital tract.