Male Clinical Disease of Repro Tract Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is Cryptorchidism? How common is it?
A “missing testicle”. More common congenital defect in dogs than cats. It is also more common in pedigree dogs.
What causes cryptorchidism? Why is it a problem?
It is thought to be a sex linked autosomal recessive trait, but no one completely sure. Retained testicles are MORE SUCCEPTIBLE to torsion and neoplasia.
What is the usual treatment for cryptorchidism?
Usually castration.
What are some potential differentials for testicles of different sizes?
Neoplasia
Orchitis/epididymitis
Torsion
Cysts
What are the three locations that an undescended testicle may be located?
Abdominal
Inguinal
Prescrotal
What are the three most common testicular tumors?
Seminoma
Interstitial cell tumor
Sertoli cell tumor
Which is more likely to have a malignant neoplasia? Scrotal testicles or cryptorchid testicles?
Cryptorchid testicles.
Which tumors can be functional and produce hormones? What can they produce?
Interstitial (leydig) tumors: may produce testosterone
Sertoli cell tumors: may produce estrogen, which can lead to feminization.
What are some clinical signs of orchitis/epididymitis?
Epididymal enlargement, Testicular pain,Tenseness and scrotal edema, May abcessate via scrotum, Animal may be systemically ill
If orchitis/epididymitis is chronic, what changes might occur in the testicles?
Small but firm testicle with epididymal enlargements
Adhesions between tunics and scrotum may reduce testicular mobility
Is testicular torsion common? When is it more common?
It’s unusual, but more common in retained testicles.
Why is castration generally required in the case of testicular torsion?
Because by the time the diagnosis is reached, the testicular is necrotic and unable to be salvaged.
What are some diagnoses for a protruding penis?
Paraphimosis
Priapism
Trauma
What is paraphimosis?
Non-erect penis protruding from prepuce and is unable to be retracted or retained in it’s normal position.
What are some causes of paraphimosis?
Narrowed preputial orifice
Penile enlargement preventing retraction
Failure of penis to stay in prepuce (abnormally short prepuce, weak preputial muscles, weak retractor penis muscle, etc)
What are some treatment options for paraphimosis?
- *Treatment dependent on severity and cause
- Symptomatic treatment
- Surgical enlargement of preputial opening
- Phallopexy
- Preputial lengthening/reconstructive procedures
- Partial penile amputation
What is priapism? How common is it?
Persistent erection of over 4 hours not associated with sexual excitement. It is uncommon in cats and dogs.
What are some potential causes of priapism?
Trauma in both species, Perineal abscess, Neurological disease
What is the difference between a non-ischaemic and an ischaemic priapism?
Non-ischamic: entire penis is partially rigid and not painful, therefore not an emergency
Ischaemic: painful rigid penis shaft with a soft glans, which IS an emergency
What are some diagnoses for penile masses? How is diagnosis of a penile mass usually confirmed?
Inflammatory disease, Neoplasia, Urethral prolapse
Usually confirmed on clinical appearance (may use biopsy)
How common are penile tumours? Are dogs or cats more likely to develop penile tumors?
Uncommon in both, but dog more likely.
What are the different types of soft tissue penile tumors that have been reported?
TVT, SCC, Papilloma, Lymphoma, Adenocarcinoma, MCT
What are the different types of tumors that can affect the os penis?
Osteosarcoma
Ossifying fibroma
Chondrosarcoma
What are the usual presenting signs of penile injury?
Hemorrhage
+/- dysuria
+/- extravasation of urine
