Male Endo Repro 1 - Checked and Complete Flashcards
Where are the sperm mitochondria located?
In the middle section
Describe spermatogenesis
Mitosis of spermatogonia yields 1ry sprematocytes
Meiosis 1 generates 2ndry spermatocytes
Meiosis 2 generates spermatids
Spematids mature into sperm
Describe path of sperm production/travel
Seminiferous tubule
Rete testis of mediastinum
Efferent ductules at top of testis
Epididymis tail to vas deferens
Describe sperm maturation
In order to gain motility must have intracellular pH rise and calcium enter
Golgi phase
Acrosomal phase
Early and MidMaturation Phase
What are key factors for maturation, capacitation, and activation (hypermotility)?
Influx of Calcium
Increase cAMP
Removal of Hydrogen ions
What are two sources of testosterone?
Adrenal Cortex (minimally important)
Testes
Where are DHT and 5α androstanediol synthesized from testosterone?
In peripheral tissues
Mneumonic for remembering testosterone facts.
LadiesDig Testosterone because of LH
What binds to testosterone in blood circulation?
ABP (testes only)
Albumin
Sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG)
What can testosterone be converted into?
DHT
Estradiol
Both done peripherally
In Sertoli cells, what is the response to FSH?
Stimulation of cAMP
Synthesis of androgen-binding protein
Increased secretion of testicular fluid
** Spermatogenesis can now proceed to completion (if testosterone is present)**
How do Leydig cells respond to LH?
Increased cAMP
Testosterone Secretion
** Paracrine effects of testosterone such as promoting the production of ABP**
Describe negative feedback of testosterone
Negative feedback of testosterone on LH release is more powerful than its feedback on FSH release.
Inhibin acts on anterior pituitary to reduce FSH release (negligible effect on LH)
Testosterone negatively regulates GnRH in hypothalamus too
What is main role of FSH?
Spermatogenesis
ABP Production
Does testosterone decrease frequency or amplitude of LH release?
Testosterone decreases LH frequency of release (via GnRH and maybe LH directly)
