Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med- Repro > Male disorders > Flashcards

Male disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Cannot readily retract foreskin to the corona of the glans (turtle head stuck inside)

A

Phimosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tight foreskin around the head of penis. (Can’t get the turtle head back in)

A

Paraphimosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

inherited varicose veins of scrotum
“bag of worms”

always on left side

A

Varicocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Water on testicle
Dx thru ultrasound
Illumination

Tx usually reassurance

A

Hydrocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Common SE of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (i.e. viagra)

A

headache!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cannot use nitrates or alpha blockers

A

PDE 5 inhibitors (ie viagra)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Often seen in young
Usually sudden onset
Often E. coli or Klebsiella

*can be seen in men who ride bikes

A

Prostatitis

acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chronic infection or inflammation of prostate, can be seen in men who sit for long periods

A

Chronic prostatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Testicular cancer tx

A

Orchiectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Proliferation of fibrostromal tissue of the prostate can lead to compression of the prostatic urethra, creating an obstruction of the urinary outlet leading to LUTS

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Disease of older men (avg 60-65 yo)

Symptoms= obstruction and irritation, decreased force of urinary stream, hesitancy and straining, postvoid dribbling, sensation of incomplete emptying

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Increased frequency, nocturia, urgency
Recurrent UTIs
Urinary retention
Digital rectal exam reveals an enlarged prostate

*PSA may be slightly elevated

A

BPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Slow growing, malignant neoplasm of the adenomatous cells of the prostate gland that can lead to urinary obstruction and metastatic disease

A

Prostate cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Disease of aging….cause is unknown

*many cases not clinically apparent. Symptoms of urinary obstruction or irritative voiding may occur if tumor has invaded into urethra, bladder neck or trigone of bladder

A

Prostate cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In advanced disease, pts may present with bone pain from metastases, possible spinal cord impingement if vertebral bodies involved

A

Prostate cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prostate may be enlarged, nodular and asymmetric

PSA usually elevated

Biopsy confirms diagnosis of adenocarcinoma

A

Prostate Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Gleason grading system adds together the primary and secondary grades of the tumor, resulting in a final score of 2-10. Total score can be used for prognostic purposes, with a higher score indicating a worse prognosis

This is used for…..

A

Prostate cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Inability to retract the foreskin over the glans penis

*may be congenital or acquired

A

Phimosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If congenital, identified in children and adolescents and usually is physiologic

If acquired, seen in adults and caused by poor hygiene and chronic balanitis

A

Phimosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Erythema with tenderness and possible purulent discharge

Inability to retract the foreskin over the glans penis

Obstructed urinary stream, hematuria, or pain of prepuce

A

Phimosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If asymptotic and congenital, leave it alone.

If symptomatic, consider circumcision

If infection also present, broad spectrum abx

A

Phimosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Entrapment of foreskin behind the glans penis

  • can be caused by frequent catheterization
  • forcibly retracting a constricted foreskin for cleaning or catheterization can lead to

also can be caused by vigorous sexual activity

A

Paraphimosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pain, edema, tenderness and erythema of the glans and foreskin

ID of any encircling foreign bodies, such as hair, clothing rubber bands or metallic objects is important

A

Paraphimosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Tx= reduced emergently

*manual reduction should be tried initially. If this fails, surgical reduction

A

Paraphimosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Consistent inability to maintain an erect penis with sufficient rigidity to allow sexual intercourse

A

ED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Normal erections require intact parasympathetic and somatic nerve supply, unobstructed arterial inflow, adequate venous constriction, hormonal stimulation and psychological desire. Disorders of any of these may result in…

A

impotence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

HTN, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and CV disease are all predictors of…

A

erectile dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The testis is abnormally twisted on its spermatic cord, thus compromising arterial supply and venous drainage of the testis, leading to testicular ischemia

A

Testicular torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Most common age group for testicular torsion?

A

Prepubertal and post pubertal young males (12-18 yo), especially with hx of cryptorchidism (late descent of testis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Sudden onset of severe unilateral pain and scrotal swelling

Testis is painful to palpation; testicle and scrotum are edematous

NO RELIEF WITH ELEVATE OF TESTICLE (NEGATIVE PREHN SIGN)

A

Testicular torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Does testicular torsion have a positive or negative Prehn sign?

A

negative! (there is no relief with elevation of testicle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Diagnosis is made clinically

*doppler ultrasonography demonstrates decreased blood flow to affected spermatic cord and testis

A

Testicular torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Tx= mild analgesics may be given once the diagnosis is made.

SURGICAL EMERGENCY!! try to get into surgery within 6 hours

A

Testicular torsion

34
Q

Formation of venous varicosity within spermatic vein (pampiniform plexus)

-left spermatic vein has an increased incidence of varicosity because the vein is longer than the right and joins the left renal vein at right angles

A

Varicocele

35
Q

A chronic, non tender mass that does NOT transilluminate (usually on left side)

“bag of worms” feeling, increases in size with Valsalva and decreases in size with elevation of scrotum or supine position

A

Varicocele

36
Q

What happens to the Varicocele size with valsalva?

A

increases in size!

37
Q

What happens to size of varicocele with elevation of scrotum or lying supine?

A

Decreases in size!

38
Q

If diagnosis is inconclusive, doppler sonography is diagnostic method of choice

tx=surgical repair if painful or seems to be causing infertility

A

Varicocele

39
Q

Abrupt onset of scrotal, inguinal or lower abdominal pain (usually less than 6 hours) +/- N/V

MC in boys 10-20

A

Testicular torsion

40
Q

MC cause under 35= chlamydia

can also be caused by gonorrhea, ureaplasma, E.coli

A

Epididymitis

41
Q

MC cause of Epididymitis in kids is…

A

mumps

42
Q

Gradual (over a few days) onset of scrotal pain, erythema and swelling

PE shows POSITIVE PERHN’S SIGN (relief of pain with elevation of effected scrotum) and POSITIVE CREMASTERIC REFLEX

A

Epididymitis

43
Q

Which two exam tests are positive in Epididymitis

A

Positive Perhn’s sign (relief with elevation of effected scrotum) and positive Cremasteric reflex

44
Q

Symptomatic tx= bed rest, scrotal elevation and cool compresses; NSAIDs

also tx underlying cause

A

Epididymitis

45
Q

PE shows: swollen, tender, retracted testicle

  • negative Perhn’s test (no relief with elevation of testicle)
  • absent/negative Cremasteric reflex
A

Testicular torsion

46
Q

Which 2 test can distinguish between Epididymitis and testicular torsion?

A

Perhn’s test (pos in Epididymitis, neg in torsion)

Cremasteric reflex (pos in Epididymitis, neg in torsion)

47
Q

“Blue dot sign”** at upper pole indicates torsion of _____ of testis

A

appendix

seen in testicular torsion

48
Q

What is the best INITIAL*** test for testicular torsion (not gold standard)

A

Testicular doppler (there will be a decrease in blood flow)

49
Q

What is the GOLD STANDARD** diagnostic in testicular torsion?

A

Radionuclide scan!!

50
Q

Detorsion and orchioplexy within 6H is management for…

A

testicular torsion

51
Q

If the testicle is not salvageable in torsion, what is done?

A

Orchiectomy

52
Q

Cystic collection of fluid in testicle leading to a testicular mass

*MC cause of painless scrotal swelling

A

Hydrocele

53
Q

Communicating: peritoneal fund between the parietal and visceral layers from a patent processus vaginalis

Noncommunicating: Fluid from the mesothelial lining of the tunica vaginalis (no connection to the peritoneum)

A

Hydrocele

54
Q

Infants: congential, due to incomplete obliteration of the processus vaginalis (usually will close within first year)

A

Hydrocele

55
Q

Adults: usually acquired, represents injured, infection or inflammatory etiology

*painless scrotal swelling!! can be transilluminated on exam

A

Hydrocele

56
Q

Usually no tx needed. may aspirate fluid if compressive

A

Hydrocele

57
Q

Cystic testicular mass of varicose veins

MC on left side. MC surgically correctable cause of infertility

A

Varicocele

58
Q

“bag of worms” superior to testicle

**dilation worse when pt is upright or with valsalva (dilation increases when pt is supine or with testicular elevation)

A

Varicocele

59
Q

Undescended testicle (MC right sided)

Increased risk in…premature infants, low birth weight

A

Cryptorchidism

60
Q

Empty, small scrotum

can increase risk of cancer, infertility, testicular torsion and inguinal hernia

A

Cryptorchidism

61
Q

Tx of choice for cryptorchidism as early as 6 months of age and before 1 years old

A

Orchiopexy

observation can be done only if less than 6 months

62
Q

MC solid tumor in young men 15-40 yo

Risk factors: cryptorchidism**, frequent UTIs, renal lithiasis, uncircumcision, multiple sex partners

MC in right side

A

Testicular cancer

63
Q

Germinal cell tumors usually malignant (Seminoma is MC. also can be Nonseminomatous)

A

Testicular cancer

64
Q

Painless testicular nodule, solide mass or enlargement (may have hydrocele present)

*gynecomastia may be present also

A

Testicular cancer

65
Q

Dx made with scrotal ultrasound and serum studies (alpha-fetoprotein, HCG, LDH)

A

Testicular cancer

66
Q

with testicular cancer, HCG may cause…

A

gynecomastia

67
Q

Seminomatous germ cell tumors

A

Less aggressive

Radiosensitive and lack tumor markers

68
Q

Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors

A

Increase serum alpha-fetoprotein

increase beta-HCG

*RadioRESISTANT

69
Q

Foreskin become trapped being the corona of glans and forms a tight band, constricting penile tissues

UROLOGIC EMERGENCY (must manual reduct or use pharm therapy)

A

Paraphimosis

70
Q

Prostate gland inflammation secondary to ascending infection

MC cause= E coli, psueodomas (or gonorrhea/chlamydia if under 35)

A

Prostatitis

71
Q

Fever, increased frequency, urgency, dysuria, poor or interrupted stream, starring to void, incomplete emptying

if chronic, may present with recurrent UTIs/intermittent dysfunction

A

Prostatitis

72
Q

Dx made thru UA (if chronic, may be negative and prostatic massage recommended to increase bacterial yield on UA)

**avoid massage in acute cases!

A

Prostatitis

73
Q

Tx= fluoroquinolones, Bactrim

if caused by STI, tx appropriately

A

Prostatitis

74
Q

Prostate hyperplasia (periurethral/transitional zone) that leads to bladder outlet obstruction

*increase in dihydrotestosterone production

A

BPH

75
Q

Frequency, urgency, nocturia, hesitancy, weak/intermittent stream, incomplete emptying, incontinence

digital rectal exam: uniformly enlarged, firm, rubbery prostate

A

BPH

76
Q

Firm, rubbery prostate vs hard, nodular prostate

A

Firm, rubbery= BPH

Hard, nodular= Cancer

77
Q

Tx= observation if mild (AVOID ANTIHISTAMINES AND ANTICHOLINERGICS)

Can also use… 5 alpha reductase inhibitors, alpha 1 blockers, surgery (trans urethral resection of prostate)

A

BPH

78
Q

SLOW growing tumor!

Risk factors= age, genetics, high fat intake diet, obesity, african american

A

Prostate cancer

79
Q

Often asymptomatic until invasion of bladder, urethral obstruction or bone involvement

*with urethral obstruction, increased urinary frequency, urgency, decreased stream, urinary retention

back/bone pain= METS

A

Prostate cancer

80
Q

Dx: screening via DRE and PSA done if over 50 (but if african american or am hx, done when over 40)

A

Prostate cancer

81
Q

Tx for local dz= radical prostatectomy

Tx for advance dz= External beam radiation therapy, Androgen deprivation

A

Prostate cancer

Clin Med- Repro (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions