Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med- Repro > Made Ridiculously Simple > Flashcards

Made Ridiculously Simple Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of the prostate, can be acute or chronic

*Bacterial causes include E coli, Gonorrhea and Chlamydia

  • Sxs= fever, chills, dysuria, frequency, urgency, etc.
  • Signs= prostate is tender and soft (“boggy”) on exam
A

Prostatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prostate enlarges with age leading to compression of the urethra

*symptoms such as incomplete bladder emptying, poor urinary stream strength, urinary frequency, urgency

A

BPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Obstruction in BPH can weaken the bladder over time, leading to retention of urine which can predispose to….

A

UTIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tx for BPH can be pharmacologic or surgical. What is the surgical procedure?

A

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Screening via digital rectal exam (DRE) and serum PSA is important for men over 50 to help dx…..

A

Prostate cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which location is common for prostate cancer mets?

A

Spine! often get back pain in late disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • Orchiectomy (removing the testicles)
  • Anti-androgen therapy (blocks testosterone)
  • LH releasing hormone antagonists
A

All treatments for prostate cancer

hormonal therapy..seeks to remove hormonal, mainly testosterone, stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Testicular inflammation

MC cause= mumps
*also caused by gonorrhea and chlamydia

A

Orchitits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Testicular pain, swelling and constitutional symptoms

  • if viral, will resolve spontaneously
  • if bacterial, give abx

tx testicular pain with ice, bed rest and analgesic therapy

A

Orchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Can be asymptomatic or can present as a testicular mass, infertility, pain and/or sensation of testicular fullness

*more common in young men (under 40)

A

Testicular cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cryptorchidism (failure of testicular descent at birth) increases the risk of…..

A

Testicular cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Can be caused by trauma, exercise or predisposition secondary to undescended tests or a congenital “bell clapper” deformity

  • most common in men under 30
  • severe scrotal pain, swelling and erythema of scrotum, abdominal pain and/or N/V
A

Testicular torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Menstrual cycle is mediated by…. (4 things)

A

LH
FSH
Estrogen
Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Day 1 of the menstrual cycle corresponds to menstruation, at which time a new ovum-containing follicle beings to grow under the influence of….

A

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

..which comes from the pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

FSH stimulates the follicle to secrete _______, which causes the proliferation of the endometrial lining

A

estrogen!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Estrogen secretion from the follicle stimulates an increase in LH and FSH section from the pituitary, which leads to an LH surge around what day of the cycle?

(*this is a positive feedback loop!)

A

day 14

the LH surge on day 14 causes the ovum to be released..ovulation!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

LH surges on day 14, which causes the ovum to be released (ovulation) and the follicle to become the….

A

corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

A

Estrogen and progesterone, which stimulate development of secretory glands in the endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone which stimulate development of ______ glands in the endometrium

A

secretory

20
Q

If the ovum is not fertilized, the continued estrogen and progesterone secretion will inhibit….

A

FSH and LH

**the fall in FSH and LH will lead to the degeneration of the corpus luteum

21
Q

Estrogen can function both to increase LH/FSH secretion (leading to ovulation) and to inhibit it, at the end of the _____ phase

A

luteal

22
Q

Combination OCPs serve to suppress….

A

LH/FSH, which prevent ovulation

23
Q

The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland via…

A

GnRH

24
Q

The pituitary gland releases which 2 things, which stimulate the uterus

A

FSH/LH

25
Q

If a woman has primary amenorrhea and her FSH levels are HIGH..this suggests what may be the cause?

A

Ovarian failure!

*if the ovaries fail, the level of estrogen they secrete decreases, reducing the negative feedback on FSH secretion from the pituitary

26
Q

Discharge= yellow, frothy
Wet mount= protozoans
KOH/whiff test= negative (no rxn)

A

Trichomonas

*tx= Metronidazole (oral)

27
Q

Discharge=white, thick, “curds”
Wet mount= branching yeast
KOH/whiff test= negative (no rxn)

A

Candida

28
Q

Discharge= gray, thin
Wet mount= clue cells (cells with many small bacteria attached to the surface)
KOH/whiff= gives fishy odor

A

Gardnerella

bacterial vaginosis

29
Q

Inflammation of the cervix caused by trauma, radiation, malignancy or infection (chlamydia, gonorrhea, HSV, HPV)

  • generally coexists with vaginitis
A

Cervicitis

30
Q

Acute abdominal pain, sometimes N/V

  • abdominal exam reveals tenderness and can also show signs of peritonitis (rebound, guarding)
  • vaginal exam: purulent cervical discharge and cervical motion tenderness
A

PID

31
Q

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (inflammation/fibrosis surrounding the liver from intra-abdominal spread)

A

complication of PID

32
Q

Occurs when a sperm fertilizes an “empty” ovum (i.e. an ovum with no maternal chromosomes in it)

*this empty ovum can be fertilized by one sperm, which then duplicates and forms a…

A

COMPLETE MOLE

this is a type of Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD)

33
Q

An ovum with one set of maternal chromosomes can be fertilized by 2 sperm causing the formation of a…

A

partial mole

this is a type of Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD)

34
Q

Can present as pregnancy: enlarged uterus, N/V, positive pregnancy test

  • early bleeding, uterus may be too big/too small for presumed stage of pregnancy
  • patients may notice vesicle like material in vaginal bleeding
A

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD)

35
Q

Diagnosis is confirmed by extreme elevation of beta-hCG and a “snow storm” appearance on ultrasound

A

Molar pregnancy (GTD)

36
Q

What does it mean if you remove a mole but beta-hCG does not decrease?

A

Either an incomplete removal of the mole or possible malignant transformation (choriocarcinoma)

37
Q

If a mole becomes malignant (choriocarcinoma), what is the tx?

A

Chemo! (usually involving methotrexate)

38
Q

larger tumor-like growths seen in endometriosis (aka chocolate cysts) because of the appearance of the thick, dark liquid they contain

A

Endometriomas

39
Q

How do you confirm a endometriosis dx?

A

Laparoscopic exam with biopsy

40
Q

OCPs
Danzol (inhibitor or FH/LSH)
GnRH agonist

A

Can be used in tx of endometriosis

41
Q

Bleeding, pain, urinary symptoms, infertility, palpable mass

Diagnosis made with scan and biopsy

A

Uterine fibroids

42
Q

Post menopausal bleeding
(usually adenocarcinoma, MC)

Diagnosis made with sampling/bx

A

Endometrial cancer

43
Q

Asymptomatic or abdominal/pelvic/bloating/pain
Torsion possible
Acute mass, may be palpable

Dx made with ultrasound/laparoscopy

A

Ovarian cyst

44
Q

Often asymptomatic leading to diagnosis at advanced stage and poor prognosis
*when symptoms are present:
vague abdominal/pelvic bloating/pain

Dx with CA-125, LDH, aFP, b-hCG can be elevated
*ultrasound, CT scan

A

Ovarian cancer

45
Q

Cyclic diffuse breast pain (usually right before period)

Lumpiness of breasts on exam

A

Fibrocystic changes

46
Q

Mass: firm, well circumscribed
Painless, moveable

very common in younger women

A

Fibroadenoma

Clin Med- Repro (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions