Male contraception Flashcards
contraception
prevent fertilization of an ovum by a sperm
The only sure way to prevent pregnancy is abstinence
Hormone regulation of sperm production
“male birth control pill”
research, but no great options at this time
- afe - minimal adverse side effects
- effective - low failure rate
- reversible
- male secondary sex characteristics not affected
vasectomy
prevents sperm entry into vas deferens
Procedure
- local anesthetic
- small incision in scrotum to access tube
- pull tube out through incision
- cut and cauterize each end
- tie off each end
- return tube ends to the scrotum
- close incision
recovery from vasectomy
- quick recovery; minor discomfort
- doesn’t affect ejaculation or orgasm
- about 100% effective
- takes 3 months for sperm within vas deferens to disappear
can be reversed with variable success rates
- rejoin tubes (vasovasostomy) - scar tissue complications
- attach tube to epididymis (vasoepididymostomy)
coitus interruptus (withdrawal)
- withdraw penis before ejactulation
- difficult to exert level of control required
sperm may already have been deposited prior to ejaculation
- pre-ejaculate may have viable sperm
- presence of sperm in urethra (leftover from prior ejaculation)
- presence of ejaculate on vulva
Condom
- effectiveness is very dependent on proper use (98%)
- latex, plastic
- lubricated, may have spermicide coating (not enough)
- reduces transmission of STIs
- inexpensive and easy to get
- additional used or spermicides maximizes pregnancy prevention
female condom
synthetic latex pouch that lines vagina
- covers cervix to prevent sperm entry
- pre-lubricated
- reduces transmission of STIs
- cheap and easy to get
- don’t need partner participation
male vs female condom
Both are highly effective
- better results with male condoms - easier to use
- no allergic reactions to latex with female condom
Both can tear during intercourse
-both offer an option for a quick need for contraception
spermicides
-kill sperm
-nonoxynol-9 changes sperm cell membrane structure
-No Rx needed
-Forms: cream, foam, jelly, foaming tablet, suppositov
-Placement: deep in vagina; at cervical os
-need to reapply for each sexual act
21% failure rate if used alone
-need sufficient time prior to and after se to be most effective
-increased risk of UTIs if used frequently (also damages resident bacteria)
-doesn’t reduce transmission of STDs
Diaphragm
- must be fitted by clinician
- silicone or rubber cup that covers cervix
- use with spermicides
- immediately effective with insertion
- no action required of partner
- can be used during breast feeding
- reusable
- few side effects
- 10% failure rate due to difficulty with insertion and removal too soon
Cervical cap (femcap)
must be fitted by clinician
- blocks entry into cervix
- should also use spermicide
- may be difficult to insert; held in place with suction
- can be reused
sponge contraception
sponge with spermicide placed over cervical opening
- absorbs sperm
- 20% failure rate
