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Reproductive system > Male Anatomy > Flashcards

Male Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major parts of anatomy of the male reproductive system?

A

Includes:

Testes, a system of ducts, extra sex glands, several supporting structures including Scutum and penis.

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2
Q

What are the Testes used for?

A

They secrete hormones and produce Sperm.

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3
Q

What does the “Scrotum” consist of?

A

There is a Scrotal Septum, the septum is made up of a mm called “Dartos mm” & “Cremaster mm”.

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4
Q

What is the temp that sperm production requires?

A

2-3 degrees below normal body temp.

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5
Q

What does contraction of the “Dartos” mm in the Scrotum result in?

A

Contraction of this mm results in the scrotum becoming tighter so there is more heat retention.

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6
Q

What does contraction in the “Cremaster” mm result in?

A

When contracted the mm moves the scrotum closer to the body so the testes can retain more heat.

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7
Q

What happens in cold temps to the mms of the Scrotum?

A

The mm’s contract.

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8
Q

What do the Testes consist of?

A

A Serous membrane called the “Tunic Vaginalis”, internal to this is the “Tunic Albuginea”.
The Testes have internal compartments called “Lobules”.
Tight coiled tubules called “Seminiferous Tubules”.

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9
Q

How many Lobules are in each Teste?

A

Around 2-300, containing 1-3 tightly coiled tubules called “Seminiferous Tubules”.

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10
Q

What is the “Tunic Vaginalis”?

A

A serous membrane that partially covers the Testes.

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11
Q

What is the “Tunic Albuginea”?

A

Internal to the “Tunic Vaginalis” is the Tunic Albuginea.

It extends inward, forming septa that divide the testes into “Lobules”.

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12
Q

What forms the “Lobules” in the Testes?

A

The Tunic Albuginea is used to create a septa that divides the testes into Lobules.

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13
Q

What does Each Lobule of the Teste contain?

A

Each of the 2-300 Lobules contain 1-3 tightly coiled tubules called “Seminiferous Tubules”.

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14
Q

Where in the Testes is Sperm produced?

A

In the Coiled Tubules called “Seminiferous Tubules”.

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15
Q

What does the “Seminiferous Tubules” consist of?

A

They contain 2 types of cells:

Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.

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16
Q

what is the function of “Spermatogenic cells”?

A

These are the Sperm forming cells.

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17
Q

What is the function of “Sertoli cells”?

A

They have several functions in supporting spermogensis.

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18
Q

What are the steps to “Spermatogenesis”?

A

Spermatogonium, Primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, Spermatids, Sperm cells, Mature sperm.

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19
Q

How long does Spermatogenesis usually take?

A

Takes about 65-75 days.

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20
Q

What are the beginning portions of Spermatogenesis?

A

Begins with Spermatogonia, Types of sperm cells.

Some of these cells lose contact with the basement membrane and differentiate into “Primary Spermatocyte”.

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21
Q

What happens after a “Primary Spermatocyte” is formed?

A

Shortly after the primary Spermatocyte is formed, each cell replicates its DNA and then Mitosis begins.

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22
Q

During “Spermatogenesis” what are the 2 cells formed after Mitosis?

A

These cells are called “Secondary Spermatocytes”.

23
Q

What does each “Secondary Spermatocyte” contain?

A

They contain 23 chromosomes each.

24
Q

The 4 cells resulting from Mitosis are called what?

A

Spermatids.

25
Q

What does the final stage of Spermatogenesis contain?

A

The final stage is called “Spermiogenesis”, this is the development of Spermatids into sperm.

No cell devision occurs here, each spermatid becomes a single sperm cell…

26
Q

How many sperm a day complete spermatogenesis?

A

300 million.

27
Q

What part of the Sperm contains the 23 Chromosomes?

A

The Head.

28
Q

What does the “Neck” of the Sperm consist of?

A

Constricted region just behind the head, it contains Centrioles.

29
Q

What does the Middle piece of the Sperm consist of?

A

Contains Mitochondria, which provide energy for movement.

30
Q

What does the Principle piece of the Sperm consist of?

A

Longest portion of the Tail.

31
Q

What does the End piece of the Sperm consist of?

A

Terminal, tapering portion of the tail.

32
Q

At puberty what does your hypothalmic nuerosecretory cells secrete more of?

A

They will secrete more of:

(GnRH), Luteinizing hormone and Follicle-stimulating hormone.

33
Q

What is the role of (GnRH)?

A

This hormone stimulates “Gonadotrophs” in the anterior pituitary to increase their secretion of the 2 Gonadotrophs.

34
Q

What is the role of LH?

A

LH stims leydig cells located between seminiferous tubules, this secretes the hormone Testosterone.

35
Q

What is the role of FSH?

A

It acts indirectly to stim Spermatogenesis.

FSH and testosterone act synergistically on the steroli cells to stim secretion of Androgen-binding Protein.

36
Q

What are the 2 Gonadotrophs secreted by the anterior pituitary in puberty?

A

LH & FSH.

37
Q

What do Steroli cells secrete?

A

They release “Inhibin” a protein hormone named or its role in inhibiting FSH.

38
Q

If spermatogenesis is proceeding too slowly, what occurs?

A

Less inhibin is released, which permits more FSH secretion and an increased rate of Spermatogenesis.

39
Q

What are the ducts of the testes?

A

Straight Tubules, Rete Testis, Efferent Ducts, Ductus Epididymis.

40
Q

What is the site of sperm maturation?

A

The Epididymis. This is where the sperm gain the ability to move.

41
Q

What is the function of the Vas Deferens?

A

Functionally conveys sperm during arousal from the Epididymis toward the Urethra, by peristaltic contractions of its mm coat.

42
Q

What is the function of the spermatic cord?

A

Consist of the Vas Deferens, testicular artery, veins that drain the testes and carry testosterone into circulation.
Lymph vessels and Cremaster mm.

43
Q

What does the Ejaculatory Ducts consist of?

A

Formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicles and the Ampulla from the Vas Deferens.

44
Q

What is the function of the Ejaculatory Ducts?

A

Ending in the prostatic urethra where they secrete Sperm and Seminal vesical solution just before the release of Semen.

45
Q

Where are the Ejaculatory Ducts located?

A

Found just superior to the base of the prostate and pass inferiorly and anteriorly through the prostate.

46
Q

What does the Urethra consist of?

A

Shared terminal duct of the reproductive / Urinary system.

Serving as a passageway for Urine and Semen.

47
Q

What are Seminal Vesicles?

A

They secrete Alkaline fluid.

Helping neutralize an acidic environment.

48
Q

What does the prostate consist of?

A

Making up about 25% of the volume of Semen it secretes a milky substance consisting of:
Citric acid, Proteolytic enzymes, Seminalplasmin.

49
Q

What are Cowpers glands?

A

During arousal they secrete an alkaline fluid that protects the sperm from the acidic urine.

50
Q

What does semen consist of?

A

A mixture of Sperm and Seminal fluid, volume is mostly 2.5 to 5 mL and has around 50-150 million sperm.

51
Q

What number of sperm is considered infertile?

A

When the number drops below 20 million.

52
Q

What is it called when there is a presences of blood in semen?

A

This is called “Hemospermia”.

53
Q

What does the body of the penis consist of?

A

2 dorsal masses called the “Corpora Cavernosa” and a small mid ventral mass, the “Corpus Spongiosum Penis”.

54
Q

What are the 2 Ligaments that support the penis?

A

Fundiform Ligament & Suspensory ligament.

Reproductive system (2 decks)

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