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visceral anatomy quiz 6 > Male > Flashcards

Male Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: indifferent gonads develop high on the posterior body wall medial to the embryonic kidney from the metanephros

A

false: mesonephros. metanephros is the final kidney

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2
Q

True or false: metanephros start taking over from the mesonephros from week 10 as the mesonephros degrades

A

true

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3
Q

testis will develop from the mesonephros under what two conditions?

A

presence of testosterone and testis determining factor in the sex determining region of the Y chromosome

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4
Q

The testis and gubernaculum develop in what weeks respectively:

a) 6 and 10
b) 6 and 8
c) 8 and 6
d) 6 and 6

A

b

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5
Q

true or false: the gubernaculum is a strand of connective tissue that extends from the superior pole of the testis or ovaries, through the muscles of the abdominal wall, and into the labiascrotal folds

A

false: it attaches to the INFERIOR pole

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6
Q

the future site of the inguinal canal is when the gubernaculum passes through the __________

A

muscles of the abdominal wall

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7
Q

true or false: by 12 weeks the testis have moved from the abdomen to the pelvis

A

false. 25 weeks

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8
Q

the outfolding of peritoneum that forms anterior to each gubernaculum grows into the scrotum with the testis. it is known as the:

A

processus vaginalis

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9
Q

True or false: the ductus deferens, blood and lymph, spermatic cord all descent through the inguinal canal with the testis. They do not retain their abdominal connections

A

false: they DO retain their abdominal connections

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10
Q

the final descent of the testes occurs quickly (~3 days) during week 26. which of these events is NOT happening during this period:

a) direct connection with peritoneal cavity is lost
b) processus vaginalis closes except for a small cavity in front of the testis
c) degradation of mesonephros
d) gubernaculum shorten and forms scrotal ligament
e) superficial rings forms from an opening in the external oblique and deep inguinal ring forms from an opening in the transversalis fascia

A

c

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11
Q

how does the gubernaculum prevent the ovaries from descending further into the labiascrotal folds

A

incorporated into the broad ligament (specifically the round and ovarian ligament) which attaches to the lateral surface of the uterus

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12
Q

true or false: the round ligament runs from the uterotubular junction to the side of the pelvic wall and deep inguinal ring, then through the inguinal canal and superficial ring to end in the mons or labium minora

A

FALSE: labium MAJORA

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13
Q

The Dartos muscle is found in the superficial fascia of the ____ and controls loss of heat via _______

A

scrotum, wrinkling of skin

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14
Q

the body of the epididymus faces

A

posterolaterally

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15
Q

the dense connective tissue that covers the testis is the:

A

tunica albugenia

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16
Q

true or false: the tunica albugenia thickens laterally to form the mediastinum of the testis which contains ducts connecting the seminiferous tubules with the epididymus

A

false: thickens POSTERIORLY

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17
Q

the seminiferous tubules:

a) contain spermatogenic cells
b) contain sertoli cells which bind testosterone
c) connect posteriorly on the testis to the epididymus
d) contain leydig cells which produce testosterone
e) all of the above

A

e

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18
Q

true or false: the medial, lateral, and anterior testis face a serous cavity lined with visceral tunica vaginalis, derived from the processus vaginalis (lined with mesothelial tissue)

A

true

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19
Q

true or false: the epididymus is continuous with the ductus deferens

A

true

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20
Q

which side is the epididymus found on the testis?

A

posterolateral

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21
Q

true or false: the visceral tunica vaginalis covers the anterior surface of the testis and epididymus

A

true

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22
Q

which of these is FALSE regarding the epididymus:

a) found on the posterior surface of the testis
b) epididymus absorbs testicular fluid, phagocytosis of old sperm, maturation of sperm
c) the body is separated by the sinus of epididymus, this enables siding of the testis
d) head and tail adhere to the testis
e) sinus of epididymus enables movement for temperature regulation
f) continuous with ductus deferens

A

a: found on posterolateral surface

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23
Q

true or false: the deeper fascia of the scrotum contains the cremasteric muscle which also covers the ductus deferens

A

false: also covers the spermatic cord

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24
Q

true or false: the spermatic cord extends from the superficial inguinal ring to the superior pole of the testis

A

false: DEEP inguinal ring

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25
Q

cremasteric muscle is found in what two parts of the male reproductive system? what does it do?

A

spermatic cord and deep fascia of scrotum. elevates the testis to regulate temperature

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26
Q

true or false: the cremasteric muscle causes the scrotal skin to wrinkle

A

FALSE: causes testis to elevate, dartos muscle causes skin wrinkle

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27
Q

true or false: many main structures travel through the spermatic cord which are separated at the deep inguinal canal and join together at the superior pole of the testis

A

true

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28
Q

true or false: the ductus deferens, associated arteries and veins of the ductus deferens and testis, lymph vessels only draining the testis, and inferior hypogastric nerve plexus division travel through the spermatic cord

A

true

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29
Q

the pampiniform venous plexus joins to form 3-4 veins in the ______ _____ and becomes two veins after the ____ inguinal ring

A

inguinal canal, deep

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30
Q

true or false: the cremasteric muscle is an extension of the external oblique

A

false: internal oblique

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31
Q

3 arteries travel in the spermatic cord. list them and their origin:

A
  • gonadal (testicular) artery: off the lateral abdominal aorta just below the renal arteries
  • cremasteric artery: off inferior epigastric artery from the external iliac. Anastomoses with gonadal artery to supply testis
  • artery to ductus deferens: superior and inferior vesicular branches off the internal iliac artery.
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32
Q

true or false: the pampiniform plexus eventually forms the testicular (gonadal) vein

A

true

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33
Q

true or false: the left gonadal vein drains into the left renal vein and the right gonadal vein goes directly into the IVC

A

true

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34
Q

what are the two roles of the pampiniform plexus?

A

venous return of the testis and regulation of testis temperature

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35
Q

what are the three components which can aid in regulation of temperature of testis?

A

cremasteric muscle - move testis up and down

dartos muscle - wrinkling of scrotum

pampiniform venous plexus - control venous return by acting as a concurrent heat exchanger

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36
Q

which nerves supply the testis?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve plexus from inferior hypogastric plexus

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37
Q

true or false: scrotum drains to the abdominal lateral aortic/lumbar and preaortic lymph nodes and the testis drain to the inguinal nodes

A

false: opposite way around

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38
Q

rete testis are epithelial lined cavities where?

A

first part of the connecting ducts in the mediastinum

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39
Q

true or false: efferent ducts in the testis connect to the rete testis and the epididymus

A

true

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40
Q

true or false: testis tubules are lined with sperm producing leydig cells and sertoli cells which produce testosterone are in the connective tissue between the tubules

A

false: testis tubules are lined with Sperm producing cells and Supporting Sertoli cells. leydig cells produce testosterone and are found in between the tubules in connective tissue

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41
Q

true or false:
opening of the transversalis fascia = deep inguinal ring
opening of the external oblique = superficial inguinal ring
opening of the internal oblique = cremasteric muscle

A

true :)

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42
Q

true or false: the ductus deferens passes through the seminal vesicle

A

false: passes medially

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43
Q

true or false: the ductus deferens arises from the inferior part of the tail of the epididymus and travels upwards in the spermatic cord

A

true

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44
Q

true or false: the ductus deferens passes under the ureters at the level of the base of the bladder and passes medially over the external iliac vessels

A

false: passes OVER the uterers ā€œsemen sail the oceanā€

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45
Q

the ampulla of ductus deferens has what function

A

sperm storage

46
Q

the ductus deferens + duct of seminal vesicle form what at the base of the prostate

A

ejaculatory duct

47
Q

true or false: parasympathetic stimulation of the seminal vesicle causes secretion of alkaline fluid containing fructose and coagulating agents

A

false: sympathetic stimulation

48
Q

true or false: the seminal vesicles are located between the base of the bladder and the apex of the prostate

A

false: base of bladder and rectum

49
Q

the ejaculatory duct runs __________ into the prostate to join the prostatic urethra at the _____ _______. then forms the _____ urethra after the prostate

A

anteroinferiorly, seminal colliculus, membranous

50
Q

true or false: the prostate is embedded into the pelvic fascia

A

true

51
Q

in the prostate, the base is superior/inferior and attached to the ___ of the bladder. thus, the apex is superior/inferior and attached to the urogenital diaphragm

A

superior, neck, inferior. note: neck is the bottom of the bladder.

52
Q

list the five lobes of the prostate:

A

2x lateral lobes

anterior lobe (isthmus) - less glandular more fibromuscular

median lobe - posterosuperior and above ejaculatory ducts. can bulge into the bladder and form the uvula

posterior lobe - below the ejaculatory duct

53
Q

true or false: the prostate is anterior to the rectal ampulla

A

true

54
Q

true or false: on each side of the prostatic urethra is the urethral crest, which contains urethral sinusā€™. the widest part is known as the seminal colliculus

A

true

55
Q

true or false: prostatic ducts and ejaculatory duct drain into the seminal colliculus

A

false: only ejaculatory duct does. the prostatic duct drains into the urethral sinusā€™ in the urethral crests

56
Q

true or false: the lateral lobes of the prostate are below the ejaculatory duct. the only lobe above it is the median lobe

A

true

57
Q

true or false: the prostate is supplied by the external iliac vessels

A

false: internal iliac vessels
- internal pudendal, inferior vesicle artery, middle rectal arteries
- prostatic venous plexus

58
Q

true or false: lymph in the prostate drains to the internal iliac nodes

A

true

59
Q

true or false: the superior hypogastric nerve plexus supplies the prostate

A

false: inferior

60
Q

true or false: the utricle is a lateral surface of the seminal colliculus and is a remnant of the fused paramesonephric ducts

A

false: it is MEDIAL

61
Q

true or false: the ejaculatory ducts enter the colliculus of the prostate, on either side of the utricle

A

true (utricle is medial to the seminal colliculus in which it dumps into)

62
Q

the bulbourethral glands lie adjacent to the _________ urethra in the ________ ________. they produce ______

A

membranous, urogenital diaphragm, mucus

63
Q

the duct of the bulbourethral glands passes through the perineal membrane to enter into the deep perineal space into the spongy urethra

A

false: enters the SUPERFICIAL perineal space

64
Q

true or false: the dorsal surface of the penis faces the body when flaccid

A

false: ventral surfaces faces the body when flaccid

65
Q

the three parts of the penis are:

A

root, body, glans

66
Q

2x dorsal _____ _______ are paired in the body and separated at the root to form the ______

A

corpora cavernosa, crura

67
Q

crura are covered __________ with _______ muscle

A

inferiorly, ischiocavernous

68
Q

true or false: the ischiocavernous muscle covers the crura which are found in the root of the penis, the crura derive from the corpus spongiosum tissue

A

false: crura derive from the copora cavernosa (2x dorsal)

69
Q

1x ventral corpus spongiosum contains the _____ and is enlarged distally to form the ____ of the penis and proximally to form the _____

A

urethra, glands, bulb

70
Q

true or false: the bulb is attached to the perineal membrane and covered with the bulbospongiosis muscle

A

true

71
Q

both erectile tissues are covered with the tunica ______ which is a dense layer of fibrous tissue

A

albugenia

72
Q

true or false: dorsal copora cavernosa is mainly covered in elastin tunica albugenia

A

false: collagen. the ventral corpus spongiosum is covered in elastin based tunica albugenia so it doesnt contract as much and crush the urethra

73
Q

true or false: erectile tissue consists of vascular spaces lined with endothelium surrounded by skeletal muscle, lymph, and nerve endings

A

false: surrounded by smooth muscle

74
Q

true or false: in the penis, arterial flow is predominately central and venous flow is predominately peripheral i.e. adjacent to tunica albugenia

A

true

75
Q

the prepuce is:

a) the name of smooth muscle inside the penis
b) skin that covers the root of the penis
c) part of the deep fascia
d) a fold of skin that covers the glans of the penis

A

d

76
Q

true or false: superficial fascia is lined with fat and the deep fascia is adherent to the corpora cavernosa

A

false: superficial fascia has NO fat

77
Q

true or false: tunica albugenia is thick and inextensible over the corpora cavernosa and thin and elastic over the corpus spongiosum

A

true

78
Q

true or false: the urethra in the penis is called the cavernous urethra

A

true

79
Q

true or false: the spongy body is more medial to the cavernous body and leads to the glans

A

true

80
Q

true or false: the bulb (1x) of the penis is covered in bulbospongiosis muscle and the crura (2x) of the penis is covered in ischocavernous muscle inferiorly

A

true

81
Q

the suspensory ligament in the penis goes from:

a) superior pole of the testis to the spermatic cord
b) pubic symphysis to deep penile fascia at the junction of the root and the body
c) inferior pole of the testis to the spermatic cord
d) pubic symphysis to superficial penile fascia at the junction of the root and the body

A

b

82
Q

which artery arising from the internal iliac artery supplies 2x dorsal arteries of the penis and sends a separate branch to each corpora cavernosa

A

internal pudendal artery

83
Q

1x deep dorsal vein drains to the _____ _____ _____ and then goes to the internal iliac vein

A

prostatic venous plexus

84
Q

true or false: the penis has a dual nerve supply

A

true

85
Q

the dorsal nerves of the penis go to the ____, _____, and ______. It comes from the ______ nerve which originates from the ____ plexus

A

skin, urethra, muscle, pudendal, sacral. ā€œS2, 3, 4 keeps 3 Pā€™s off the floor) ā€“> penis, pee, poo

86
Q

true or false: the dorsal nerve of the penis is primarily somatosensory with some autonomic innervation

A

true

87
Q

true or false: the dorsal nerve of the penis is primarily parasympathetic with some sympathetic

A

false: primarily sympathetic

88
Q

the dorsal nerve of the penis has sensory fibres to the Skin of _____, G____, and U______

A

body/shaft, glans, urethra

89
Q

the dorsal nerve of the penis has motor fibres to which 2 muscles as well as the perineal muscles?

A

ischiocavernous muscle & bulbospongiosis muscle

90
Q

true or false: in the ischiocavernous and bulbospongiosis muscle, skeletal fibres contract during erection and ejaculation

A

true

91
Q

true or false: the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve causes contraction of perineal muscles during ejaculation

A

false: assists in ERECTION

92
Q

the greater and lesser cavernous nerves innervate:

A

erectile tissue (corpora cavernosa & corpus spongiosum)

93
Q

true or false: the lesser cavernous nerve supplies the corpora cavernosa

A

false: supplies the urethra and corpus spongiosum

94
Q

true or false: the greater cavernous nerve supplies the corpora cavernosa

A

true

95
Q

true or false: the greater and lesser cavernous nerves derive from the terminal pudendal branch from the sacral plexus

A

false: derive from the prostatic plexus off the inferior hypogastric plexus

96
Q

sympathetic innervation in the penis causes:

a) vasoconstriction
b) vasodilation

A

a

97
Q

parasympathetic innervation in the penis causes:

a) vasoconstriction
b) vasodilation

A

b

98
Q

list the order of the pathway of the pudendal nerve:

1) dorsal nerve of penis passes through ischipubic ramus, pierces urogenital diaphragm
2) dorsal nerve of penis goes lateral to deep penile vein and runs along the shaft to the glans
3) joins internal pudendal artery to go through the lesser sciatic foramen medial to obturator internus
4) comes off S2-4 of the ventral rami of the sacral plexus and goes through the greater sciatic notch just inferior to the sciatic nerve
5) enters pudendal canal and branches off to inferior rectal nerve, perineal nerve, dorsal nerve of penis

A

43512

99
Q

true or false: the superior hypogastric plexus is a continuation of the nerve plexus of the upper abdomen and is located posteriorly to the bifurcation of the aorta

A

false: located ANTERIORLY

100
Q

true or false: the inferior hypogastric plexus has sympathetic and sensory fibres from the thoracic and lumbar splanchics and parasympathetic fibres from the pelvic splanchnics

A

false: this is the SUPERIOR hypogastric plexus

101
Q

true or false: the inferior hypogastric plexus is connected to the superior HP and is medial to the internal iliac arteries. Extensions supply the bladder, rectum, prostate and penis

A

true

102
Q

true or false: the prostatic nerve plexus extends to the superior and inferior cavernous nerves which supply the erectile tissue of the penis

A

true

103
Q

true or false: erection is under sympathetic control

A

false: parasympathetic (Point, Shoot, Shoot)

104
Q

True or false: during erection, blood flows into the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum causes compression of the peripheral venous return against the tunica albugenia

A

true

105
Q

true or false: during erection, the corpora cavernosa is surrounded by collagen to prevent compression of the urethra

A

false: the corpus spongiosum is surrounded by more elastin from the tunica albugenia to prevent compression of urethra

106
Q

true or false: ejaculation is under sympathetic control

A

true

107
Q

true or false: during ejaculation, sympathetic fibres cause contraction of smooth muscle walls lead to closure of the urethral sphincter of the bladder to prevent semen back flow

A

true

108
Q

true or false: during ejaculation, contraction of skeletal muscle causes sperm stored in the epididymus and secretions from the accessory gland to produce semen

A

false: SMOOTH muscle

109
Q

detumescence is under _______ control and causes contraction of arterial muscles to _____ in blood flow into erectile tissue. this enables ____ pressure and promotes _____ return

A

sympathetic, decrease, lowered, venous

110
Q

true or false: ejaculation pathway:

Sperm is forcefully expelled from the tail from the tail of the epididymus into the ductus deferens and up through the spermatic cord. It travels over the ureter into the ampulla where it is joined by the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct in the seminal colliculus of the prostate. It empties into the prostatic urethra, into the membranous urethra, then into the cavernous/spongy urethra to be ejaculated

A

true

visceral anatomy quiz 6 (2 decks)

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