malaria protozoa

Question 1

is there a vaccine for malaria

Answer 1

no

Question 2

why is there a world wide resurgence

Answer 2

increased travel

Question 3

what is the vector

Answer 3

anopheles mosquito vector

Question 4

what is the protozoa

Answer 4

parasitic protozoa of genus plasmodium

Question 5

how many countries are at risk of malaria transmission

Answer 5

106

Question 6

where are 91% of malaria deaths

Answer 6

africa

Question 7

how many cases are there per year

Answer 7

207 million

Question 8

how many types of plasmodium parasite are there

Answer 8

five

Question 9

describe

plasmodium Falciparum

Answer 9

mainly in africa
most common
most deaths world wide

Question 10

describe

Plasmodium Vivax

Answer 10

mainly found in south east asia and south america
milder symptoms
infect liver for up to 3 years after = resulting replaces

Question 11

describe

Plasmodium Ovale

Answer 11

fairly uncommon
found in west africa
can remain in liver for several years without symptoms

Question 12

describe

Plasmodium Malariare

Answer 12

rare and usually found in africa

Question 13

describe

Plasmodium Knowlesi

Answer 13

very rare and found in parts of south east asia.

Question 14

how long is the incubation period of malaria

Answer 14

7-30 days

Question 15

which type of malaria has lowest incubation period

Answer 15

Plasmodium Falciparum

Question 16

which type of malaria has the longest incubation period

Answer 16

Plasmodium Malariae

Question 17

what can delay symptom appearance

Answer 17

antimalarial drugs

Question 18

a delay with what can product dormant liver parasites

Answer 18

P. ovale

p. Vivax

Question 19

a long delay of symptoms can result in

Answer 19

misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis

Question 20

describe uncomplicated malaria

Answer 20

classical malaria attack 6-10 hours.
Cold phase
Hot phase
Sweating phase.

attacks every two days with “tertain” parasites and every three days with Guartan parasite.

Question 21

which malaria attacks every three days with guartan parasite

Answer 21

P. malariae

Question 22

which malaria attacks every two days with tertain parasites

Answer 22

p. Ovale
p. vivax
p. falciparum

Question 23

how do you diagnose malaria

Answer 23

need demonstration of parasite in the blood.

Blood smears thick and thin stained with haemotoxylin and eosin

additional lab findings: mild anaemia, thrombocytopenia, elevation of bilirubin and elevation of aminotransferases

Question 24

blood smears need to be stained with

Answer 24

heamotoxylin and eosin

Question 25

Describe

ATOVAQUONE PLUS PROGUANIL

Answer 25

not to be taken by pregnant or breast feeding

not for people with kidney problems

Question 26

describe DOXYXLINE

Answer 26

not for pregnant or breastfeeding,
not for children under twelve
or people who are sensitive to tetracycline
or liver problems

Question 27

describe

MEFLOQUINE

Answer 27

not for epilepsy, seizures, depression, mental health problems,
not for people with severe heart or liver problems

Question 28

describe CHLOROQUINE

Answer 28

rarely recommended now days

largely ineffective against most malaria parasite

Question 29

how would you treat mild p. falciparum

Answer 29

quinine then doxycycline or clindamycin

artemether with lumefantrine

or

atovaquone with prguanil

Question 30

treating severe p. falciparum

Answer 30

quinine IV
followed by quinine or artesunate tabs
requires refuel treatment and monitoring of complications

Question 31

how to treat other types of malaria

Answer 31

chloroquine tabs

primaquine after chloroquine