vector protozoe

Question 1

what size is a protozoa

Answer 1

2 -100 um

Question 2

describe protozoa

Answer 2

single cell, free living organism

Question 3

how do protozoa infect humans

Answer 3

opportunistically

Question 4

what do INTRAcellular parasites infect?

Answer 4

blood cells
epithelial cells
Brain muscle

Question 5

what do EXTRAcellular parasites infect

Answer 5

blood, intestine, urogenital system

Question 6

where does sexual reproduction occur

Answer 6

inside the insect vector

Question 7

where does asexual reproduction take place

Answer 7

inside human host

Question 8

how does asexual reproduction happen

Answer 8

binary or multiple devision of growing stages

Question 9

drugs for leishmaniosis are

Answer 9

expensive

Question 10

where does the vector for leishmaniasis usually occur

Answer 10

forst area, caves, burrows of small rodents

Question 11

what is the main vector for leishmaniosis

Answer 11

phlebotomise sand fly vector

Question 12

how many people are infected world wide

Answer 12

12 million

Question 13

is short of long term treatment required for leishmaniasis

Answer 13

long

Question 14

what is the protozoa of leishimanosis

Answer 14

parasitic protozoa of genus Leishmania

Question 15

how many different types of leishmaniasis are there

Answer 15

four

Question 16

describe cutaneous forms

Answer 16

skin ulcers form on exposed areas e.g. face, legs,arms.

Heal within a few months, leaving scars

Question 17

describe Diffuse cutaneous Leshimanoisis

Answer 17

produces disseminated and chronic skin lesions

difficult to treat

Question 18

describe mucocutaneous forms

Answer 18

lessons can partially or totally destroy mucus membranes of nose, mouth throat cavities and surrounding tissue

Question 19

describe Visceral Leishmaniosis

Answer 19

characterised by high fever,
substantial weight loss, swelling of spleen
and liver,
anaemia

Question 20

what is fatality rate of Visceral leishimaniosis if left untreated

Answer 20

100% in two years

Question 21

what can cutaneous disease occur without

Answer 21

visceral involvement

Question 22

the disease is usually what but can be what?

Answer 22

chronic but can be self limiting

Question 23

in cutaneous leishimanoisis what occurs after a sand fly bite

Answer 23

small cutaneous papule

Question 24

when does a papule usually occur

Answer 24

2 to 3 weeks after bite of sand fly

Question 25

when the lesson grows it often becomes what in cutaneous leshimanoisis

Answer 25

indurated and ulcerated

Question 26

what are the systemic symptoms of Visceral leishimanosis

Answer 26

undulating fever, malaise, diarrhoea, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, emaciation, anemia, leukopenia

Question 27

what does Visceral leishimanosis usually begin with

Answer 27

nodule at site of infection

Question 28

what happens to the nodule

Answer 28

usually disappears spontaneously in few weeks or months. | Rarely ulcerates

Question 29

what may appear after treatment of visceral leishimanosis

Answer 29

infiltrative or nodular lessons of the skin

Question 30

can subclinical cases of visceral leishimanosis occur

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

how do you diagnose leischimanosis

Answer 31

``` Microscopic examination PCR assays of tissue aspirates Biopsy smears, scrapings, pr slit skin smears, serology, LEichimanin skin test ```

Question 32

what diagnosis method is most commonly used for cutanious

Answer 32

leishmanin skin test & biopsy smears

Question 33

what diagnosis method is most commonly used for Visceral

Answer 33

serology

Question 34

how is transmission of leishmaniasis in or near houses prevented

Answer 34

insectisides

Question 35

where are insecticides not useful

Answer 35

forest areas

Question 36

is there an effective vaccine for leishimanosis

Answer 36

no

Question 37

which drug is the sole oral effective agent for leishmanosis

Answer 37

Milteforsine

Question 38

what are we in need of urgently in terms of treatment for leischimanosis

Answer 38

less toxic drug administered orally

Question 39

what must you do for treatment for individuals

Answer 39

tailor treatment as keuchmaniosis is caused by many species or subspecies of leishmania protozoa

Question 40

which drug is commonly used for Visceral leishimanosis

Answer 40

Amphotericin B in its liposomal form drug of choice

Question 41

what drugs are mainly used to treat leishmanosis

Answer 41

anti parasitic pentavalent antimonials, eg, Sodium stilbogluconate or meglumine antimanate