Malaria Prevention and Control Pocket Guide

Question 1

What are the four species of Malaria?

Answer 1

P. Falciparum
P. Vivax
P. Ovale
P. Malariae

Question 2

What are the three types of countermeasures that can prevent malaria?

Answer 2

Personal protective measures
Chemoprophylaxis
Unit Protective Measures

Question 3

What is the primary source of information regarding malaria and malaria species?

Answer 3

National Center for Medical Intelligence (NCMI)

NEPMU responsible for that area of the world

Question 4

What is the compendium of unclassified medical intelligence, reference documents and operational material produced by the NCMI?

Answer 4

Medical Environmental Disease Intelligence and Countermeasures (MEDIC

Question 5

What are the types of Personal Protective Measures?

Answer 5

Barrier methods
Topical Repellents
Permethrin Impregnated Uniforms/other protective clothing
Protective netting

Question 6

How long is DEET ultrathin supposed to last?

Answer 6

12 hours

Question 7

For how many washings are MARPATS good for when it comes to Permethrin?

Answer 7

50 washes

Question 8

Before starting Chemoprophylaxis for malaria, who should you check with for the latest information?

Answer 8

NEPMU and/or CDC

Question 9

What is considered when making the choice which chemoprophylaxis?

Answer 9

Known or suspected drug resistance
Species of Malaria in the endemic area
Length of time spent in endemic area
Any Adverse reaction to the drug
G6PD deficiency and other medical contraindications

Question 10

Which two species of Malaria can stay dormant in the liver for long periods of time?

Answer 10

P. Vivax

P. Ovale

Question 11

What is the term for post exposure treatment for Malaria?

Answer 11

Presumptive anti-relapse therapy (PART), formally known as terminal prophylaxis (required for P. Vivax and P Ovale)

Question 12

What has been cited as the primary causative factor in multiple malaria outbreaks in the past?

Answer 12

Lack of adherence to chemoprophylaxis

Question 13

What is the only way leadership can ensure that members take their medications as indicated?

Answer 13

DOT

Question 14

What are some unit protective measures?

Answer 14

Discipline and training
Treatment of clothing and equipment
Location of base camp
Vector control

Question 15

How often should tents and netting be retreated with Permethrin?

Answer 15

Every 6-9 months

Question 16

What species of Malaria is often associated with “severe malaria”?

Answer 16

P. Falciparum

Question 17

What are the developmental stages of malaria?

Answer 17

Infective stage
Primary liver stage
Dormant/hypnozoite liver stage
Erythrocytic phase
Vector phase

Question 18

What are some alternatives to topical DEET?

Answer 18

Picardin/Icardin

Lemon Eucalyptus Oil

Question 19

What drugs are used to treat or prevent Malaria?

Answer 19

Atovaquone/Proguanil (Malarone)
Chloroquine (Aralen)
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
Primaquine phosphate (PART)

Question 20

What are some common breeding grounds for Anopheline mosquitoes?

Answer 20

Sunilt streams
Shaded lagoons
Rice fields
Marches

Question 21

What should you try to do if you cannot avoid setting up camp near Anopheline mosquito breeding grounds?

Answer 21

Set up where winds will blow away from camp

Question 22

List some clinical findings seen with Malaria?

Answer 22

Fever and chills
Headache
Muscle pain
Palpable liver
Palpable spleen
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal cramps/diarrhea

Question 23

Which species of Malaria is likely to show continuous fever with intermittent temperature spikes?

Answer 23

P. Falciparum

Question 24

What are the three stages in the classic paroxysm seen in Malaria infections?

Answer 24

Cold-chilling phase
Hot stage
Sweating stage

Question 25

What are the two main methods of parasitological diagnosis for Malaria?

Answer 25

Light microscopy

Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs)

Question 26

What is the confirmatory test of choice for malaria diagnosis?

Answer 26

Thick and thin blood smears

Question 27

What does RDTs test for?

Answer 27

malaria antigens in blood

Question 28

What does P. Falciparum do to the RBCs?

Answer 28

Forms knobs on their surface, making them sticky

RBCs then adhere to endothelial cells of capillaries and postcapillary venules of brain, kidneys, and other organs