Malaria Prevention and Control Pocket Guide Flashcards
What are the four species of Malaria?
P. Falciparum
P. Vivax
P. Ovale
P. Malariae
What are the three types of countermeasures that can prevent malaria?
Personal protective measures
Chemoprophylaxis
Unit Protective Measures
What is the primary source of information regarding malaria and malaria species?
National Center for Medical Intelligence (NCMI)
NEPMU responsible for that area of the world
What is the compendium of unclassified medical intelligence, reference documents and operational material produced by the NCMI?
Medical Environmental Disease Intelligence and Countermeasures (MEDIC
What are the types of Personal Protective Measures?
Barrier methods
Topical Repellents
Permethrin Impregnated Uniforms/other protective clothing
Protective netting
How long is DEET ultrathin supposed to last?
12 hours
For how many washings are MARPATS good for when it comes to Permethrin?
50 washes
Before starting Chemoprophylaxis for malaria, who should you check with for the latest information?
NEPMU and/or CDC
What is considered when making the choice which chemoprophylaxis?
Known or suspected drug resistance Species of Malaria in the endemic area Length of time spent in endemic area Any Adverse reaction to the drug G6PD deficiency and other medical contraindications
Which two species of Malaria can stay dormant in the liver for long periods of time?
P. Vivax
P. Ovale
What is the term for post exposure treatment for Malaria?
Presumptive anti-relapse therapy (PART), formally known as terminal prophylaxis (required for P. Vivax and P Ovale)
What has been cited as the primary causative factor in multiple malaria outbreaks in the past?
Lack of adherence to chemoprophylaxis
What is the only way leadership can ensure that members take their medications as indicated?
DOT
What are some unit protective measures?
Discipline and training
Treatment of clothing and equipment
Location of base camp
Vector control
How often should tents and netting be retreated with Permethrin?
Every 6-9 months
What species of Malaria is often associated with “severe malaria”?
P. Falciparum
What are the developmental stages of malaria?
Infective stage Primary liver stage Dormant/hypnozoite liver stage Erythrocytic phase Vector phase
What are some alternatives to topical DEET?
Picardin/Icardin
Lemon Eucalyptus Oil
What drugs are used to treat or prevent Malaria?
Atovaquone/Proguanil (Malarone) Chloroquine (Aralen) Doxycycline Mefloquine Primaquine phosphate (PART)
What are some common breeding grounds for Anopheline mosquitoes?
Sunilt streams
Shaded lagoons
Rice fields
Marches
What should you try to do if you cannot avoid setting up camp near Anopheline mosquito breeding grounds?
Set up where winds will blow away from camp
List some clinical findings seen with Malaria?
Fever and chills Headache Muscle pain Palpable liver Palpable spleen Nausea and vomiting Abdominal cramps/diarrhea
Which species of Malaria is likely to show continuous fever with intermittent temperature spikes?
P. Falciparum
What are the three stages in the classic paroxysm seen in Malaria infections?
Cold-chilling phase
Hot stage
Sweating stage
What are the two main methods of parasitological diagnosis for Malaria?
Light microscopy
Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs)
What is the confirmatory test of choice for malaria diagnosis?
Thick and thin blood smears
What does RDTs test for?
malaria antigens in blood
What does P. Falciparum do to the RBCs?
Forms knobs on their surface, making them sticky
RBCs then adhere to endothelial cells of capillaries and postcapillary venules of brain, kidneys, and other organs
