Malaria Flashcards
What are the four species of Malaria?
P. FalciparumP. VivaxP. OvaleP. Malariae
What are the three types of countermeasures that can prevent malaria?
Personal protective measuresChemoprophylaxisUnit Protective Measures
What is the primary source of information regarding malaria and malaria species?
National Center for Medical Intelligence (NCMI)NEPMU responsible for that area of the world
What is the compendium of unclassified medical intelligence, reference documents and operational material produced by the NCMI?
Medical Environmental Disease Intelligence and Countermeasures (MEDIC
What are the types of Personal Protective Measures?
Barrier methodsTopical RepellentsPermethrin Impregnated Uniforms/other protective clothing Protective netting
How long is DEET ultrathin supposed to last?
12 hours
For how many washings are MARPATS good for when it comes to Permethrin?
50 washes
Before starting Chemoprophylaxis for malaria, who should you check with for the latest information?
NEPMU and/or CDC
What is considered when making the choice which chemoprophylaxis?
Known or suspected drug resistanceSpecies of Malaria in the endemic areaLength of time spent in endemic areaAny Adverse reaction to the drugG6PD deficiency and other medical contraindications
Which two species of Malaria can stay dormant in the liver for long periods of time?
P. VivaxP. Ovale
What is the term for post exposure treatment for Malaria?
Presumptive anti-relapse therapy (PART), formally known as terminal prophylaxis (required for P. Vivax and P Ovale)
What has been cited as the primary causative factor in multiple malaria outbreaks in the past?
Lack of adherence to chemoprophylaxis
What is the only way leadership can ensure that members take their medications as indicated?
DOT
What are some unit protective measures?
Discipline and trainingTreatment of clothing and equipmentLocation of base campVector control
How often should tents and netting be retreated with Permethrin?
Every 6-9 months
What species of Malaria is often associated with “severe malaria”?
P. Falciparum
What are the developmental stages of malaria?
Infective stagePrimary liver stageDormant/hypnozoite liver stageErythrocytic phaseVector phase
What are some alternatives to topical DEET?
Picardin/IcardinLemon Eucalyptus Oil
What drugs are used to treat or prevent Malaria?
Atovaquone/Proguanil (Malarone)Chloroquine (Aralen)DoxycyclineMefloquinePrimaquine phosphate (PART)
What are some common breeding grounds for Anopheline mosquitoes?
Sunilt streamsShaded lagoonsRice fieldsMarches
What should you try to do if you cannot avoid setting up camp near Anopheline mosquito breeding grounds?
Set up where winds will blow away from camp
List some clinical findings seen with Malaria?
Fever and chillsHeadacheMuscle painPalpable liverPalpable spleenNausea and vomitingAbdominal cramps/diarrhea
Which species of Malaria is likely to show continuous fever with intermittent temperature spikes?
P. Falciparum
What are the three stages in the classic paroxysm seen in Malaria infections?
Cold-chilling phaseHot stageSweating stage
What are the two main methods of parasitological diagnosis for Malaria?
Light microscopyRapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs)
What is the confirmatory test of choice for malaria diagnosis?
Thick and thin blood smears
What does RDTs test for?
malaria antigens in blood
What does P. Falciparum do to the RBCs?
Forms knobs on their surface, making them stickyRBCs then adhere to endothelial cells of capillaries and postcapillary venules of brain, kidneys, and other organs
