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HM Advancement > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four species of Malaria?

A

P. FalciparumP. VivaxP. OvaleP. Malariae

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2
Q

What are the three types of countermeasures that can prevent malaria?

A

Personal protective measuresChemoprophylaxisUnit Protective Measures

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3
Q

What is the primary source of information regarding malaria and malaria species?

A

National Center for Medical Intelligence (NCMI)NEPMU responsible for that area of the world

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4
Q

What is the compendium of unclassified medical intelligence, reference documents and operational material produced by the NCMI?

A

Medical Environmental Disease Intelligence and Countermeasures (MEDIC

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5
Q

What are the types of Personal Protective Measures?

A

Barrier methodsTopical RepellentsPermethrin Impregnated Uniforms/other protective clothing Protective netting

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6
Q

How long is DEET ultrathin supposed to last?

A

12 hours

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7
Q

For how many washings are MARPATS good for when it comes to Permethrin?

A

50 washes

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8
Q

Before starting Chemoprophylaxis for malaria, who should you check with for the latest information?

A

NEPMU and/or CDC

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9
Q

What is considered when making the choice which chemoprophylaxis?

A

Known or suspected drug resistanceSpecies of Malaria in the endemic areaLength of time spent in endemic areaAny Adverse reaction to the drugG6PD deficiency and other medical contraindications

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10
Q

Which two species of Malaria can stay dormant in the liver for long periods of time?

A

P. VivaxP. Ovale

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11
Q

What is the term for post exposure treatment for Malaria?

A

Presumptive anti-relapse therapy (PART), formally known as terminal prophylaxis (required for P. Vivax and P Ovale)

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12
Q

What has been cited as the primary causative factor in multiple malaria outbreaks in the past?

A

Lack of adherence to chemoprophylaxis

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13
Q

What is the only way leadership can ensure that members take their medications as indicated?

A

DOT

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14
Q

What are some unit protective measures?

A

Discipline and trainingTreatment of clothing and equipmentLocation of base campVector control

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15
Q

How often should tents and netting be retreated with Permethrin?

A

Every 6-9 months

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16
Q

What species of Malaria is often associated with “severe malaria”?

A

P. Falciparum

17
Q

What are the developmental stages of malaria?

A

Infective stagePrimary liver stageDormant/hypnozoite liver stageErythrocytic phaseVector phase

18
Q

What are some alternatives to topical DEET?

A

Picardin/IcardinLemon Eucalyptus Oil

19
Q

What drugs are used to treat or prevent Malaria?

A

Atovaquone/Proguanil (Malarone)Chloroquine (Aralen)DoxycyclineMefloquinePrimaquine phosphate (PART)

20
Q

What are some common breeding grounds for Anopheline mosquitoes?

A

Sunilt streamsShaded lagoonsRice fieldsMarches

21
Q

What should you try to do if you cannot avoid setting up camp near Anopheline mosquito breeding grounds?

A

Set up where winds will blow away from camp

22
Q

List some clinical findings seen with Malaria?

A

Fever and chillsHeadacheMuscle painPalpable liverPalpable spleenNausea and vomitingAbdominal cramps/diarrhea

23
Q

Which species of Malaria is likely to show continuous fever with intermittent temperature spikes?

A

P. Falciparum

24
Q

What are the three stages in the classic paroxysm seen in Malaria infections?

A

Cold-chilling phaseHot stageSweating stage

25
Q

What are the two main methods of parasitological diagnosis for Malaria?

A

Light microscopyRapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs)

26
Q

What is the confirmatory test of choice for malaria diagnosis?

A

Thick and thin blood smears

27
Q

What does RDTs test for?

A

malaria antigens in blood

28
Q

What does P. Falciparum do to the RBCs?

A

Forms knobs on their surface, making them stickyRBCs then adhere to endothelial cells of capillaries and postcapillary venules of brain, kidneys, and other organs

HM Advancement (8 decks)

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