malaria

Question 1

Quinoline Derivatives

Answer 1

• Chloroquine, Mefloquine, Quinidine and Quinine
• accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole and disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin –> oxidative damage to membrane and digestive proteases
• prophylaxis and treatment of acute attacks

intracellular compartments of parasite become progressively more acidic –> drug gets trapped in protonated form in food vacuole

Question 2

Primaquine

Answer 2

• Quinolone derivative
• only drug that inhibits exoerythrocitic schyzogony
• don’t give to patients with G6PD defiency!
• drug oxidizes glutathione and G6PD replenishes reduced glutathione

Question 3

Pyrimethamine, Chloroguanide (Progaunil)

Answer 3

• inhibit dihydrofolate reductase
• used in combo with Atovaquone

Question 4

Atovaquone

Answer 4

• depolarizes parasitic mitochondria and inhibits their electon transport (low incidence of resistance)
• used in combo with Proguanil

Question 5

Artemisinin Compounds

Answer 5

• Artemether and Artesunate
• inhibits SERCA of P. falciparum

**think artemiSinin = Serca

only works for P. falciparum!!

Question 6

tetracycline, clindamycin, doxycycline

Answer 6

used to treat severe malaria, and uncomplicated chloriquine-resistant malaria

Question 7

only strains that demonstrate chloroquine resistance

Answer 7

• P. falciparum and P. vivax

Question 8

chloroquine resistant P. falciparum

Answer 8

atavaquone and chloroguanide

Question 9

chloroquine resistant vivax

Answer 9

Quinine and Primaquine + antibiotic

Question 10

vivax and ovale chloroquine sensitive

Answer 10

chloroquine and primaquine (only vivax and ovale have hepatic stages)