Making professional judgements Flashcards
Pharmacists have a ‘Duty of care’. What is ‘Duty of care’?
A duty of care may be owed to another to ensure they donot suffer any unreasonable harm or loss
Legal test of duty of care (4)
1) Must be harm CAUSED
2) Harm must be FORESEEABLE
3) Must be a sufficiently PROXIMATE relationship between parties
4) Must be JUST and REASONABLE to impose such duty
Basic bioethical principle: NON-MALEFICIENCE (3)
- Avoid harm
- Justification for ‘acts and omissions’
- Withholding/withdrawing treatment that’s not benefiting patient
Basic bioethical principle: BENEFICIENCE (3)
- Promote well-being of others
- Encompasses MEDICAL PATERNALISM
- Acting without consent or overriding a persons wishes, wants or actions in order to benefit patient or prevent harm
Basic bioethical principle: AUTONOMY (4)
- Self-determination
- An individuals action ought to be the result of his/her own choices
- freedom to act independently
- competent adults informed decision to refuse treatment (even if life saving) supersedes offer of treatment
Basic bioethical principle: JUSTICE (3)
- Treat similar cases in similar ways
- Same respect to patients in different outcomes
- Distribute healthcare resources fairly
Issues with bioethical principles (3)
- Determining which principles to apply as not every principle applies in every circumstance
- Interpreting the principles
- Weighing different principle, especially when they conflict
GPhC standards (7)
- Make patients your first concern
- Use your professional judgement in interest of patients and public
- Show respect for others
- Encourage patient + public to participate in decision about their care
- Develop your professional knowledge and competence
- Be honest and trustworthy
- Take responsibility for you working practises
Decision making framework (7) (in order!)
ITS A FLOW CHART
1) Recognise moral issue
2) Gather all relevant info
3) identify type of ethical problem
4) Analyse problem
5) Explore solution
6) Make decision
7) Assess and reflect
