MAKING OF THE MODERN WORLD (GINGO)

Question 1

three approaches to history

Answer 1

realist, liberal, critical views

Question 2

approach to history that says it repeats itself

Answer 2

realist view

Question 3

characterized by a belief in progress; utopian dimension; perpetual peace

Answer 3

liberal view

Question 4

developed out of Marxism; primary driving forces in history are material or economic factors; from one mode of production to next

Answer 4

critical view

Question 5

located between rivers Tigris and Euphrates; cradle of civilization

Answer 5

mesopotamia

Question 6

3 major civilizations

Answer 6

sumerian, babylonian, assyrian

Question 7

only ended with the rise of roman empire

Answer 7

ancient egypt

Question 8

allowed for permanent settlement and the emergence of urban life

Answer 8

agriculture

Question 9

2 features of early civilizations

Answer 9

agriculture, and development of writing

Question 10

establishment of shang dynasty to emergence of bronze age

Answer 10

chinese civilization

Question 11

earliest civilization in south asia; now Pakistan

Answer 11

Indus River valley

Question 12

began with the birth of golden age of classical hindu culture; 500 BCE

Answer 12

ancient india

Question 13

emergence of various civilizations in the area of mediterranean sea; dating from 1000 BCE

Answer 13

classical antiquity

Question 14

growth of etruscan culture and spread of phoenician maritime trading

Answer 14

classical antiquity

Question 15

emergence of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome

Answer 15

classical antiquity

Question 16

foundational culture of western civilizations

Answer 16

ancient greece

Question 17

formed colonies in asia minor and southern parts of balkans

Answer 17

ancient greece

Question 18

ancient rome flourished once the roman monarch was thrown when?

Answer 18

509 BCE

Question 19

created an oligarchic republic that developed into a vast empire

Answer 19

ancient rome

Question 20

extended from the eastern Mediterranean across north africa and most of EU

Answer 20

ancient rome

Question 21

why did the classical world descended into crisis?

Answer 21

it is caused by the eruption of mounted nomadic people into the great descent of ancient civilizations ushering in the dark ages

Question 22

the most significant primitive nomadic people who emerged from depths of Asia to create an empire

Answer 22

the mongols

Question 23

refers to the cultural and philosophical inheritance of europe; fashioned during cold war meant as the us dominated capitalist bloc

Answer 23

the west

Question 24

process through which societies become developed

Answer 24

modernization

Question 25

the economic motivation to discover the new world

Answer 25

desire to find a direct route to india and the far east in order to obtain spices

Question 26

rise of the west in political terms

Answer 26

establishment of sovereign states through the peace of westphalia (1648) whch brought end to thirty years war

Question 27

socioeconomic dimension of the rise of the west

Answer 27

breakdown of feudalism

Question 28

system of agrarian-based production characterized by fixed social hierarchies

Answer 28

Feudalism

Question 29

rise of the west in cultural terms

Answer 29

fostered by renaissance

Question 30

cultural movement inspired by revived interest in classicla Greece and Rome

Answer 30

renaissance

Question 31

intellectual movement that challenged traditional beliefs

Answer 31

enlightenment

Question 32

the policy of extending the power or rule of the state beyond its boundaries, typically through the establishment of an empire.

Answer 32

imperialism

Question 33

traditional form of imperialism

Answer 33

establishment of formal political domination or colonialism and reflects the expansion of state power through a process of conquest and settlement.

Question 34

modern form of imperialism

Answer 34

economic domination without the establishment of political control or what is called neo-colonialism.

Question 35

a period of peace and prosperity in Europe and was seen as a golden age.

Answer 35

belle epoque

Question 36

why did the period of belle epoque end?

Answer 36

due to the outbreak of world war I

Question 37

involving all aspects of society, including large-scale conscription, the gearing of the economy to military ends, and the aim of achieving unconditional surrender through the mass destruction of enemy targets, civilian and military.

Answer 37

total war

Question 38

fighting extended beyond Europe into the Middle East through the involvement of Turkey; recruitment of armies from across the empires of Europe and the participation of the USA.

Answer 38

world war

Question 39

a structure of domination in which diverse cultures, ethnic groups or nationalities are subject to a single source of authority.

Answer 39

empire

Question 40

first modern war

Answer 40

world war i

Question 41

why is wwi the first modern war?

Answer 41

witnessed the earliest use of tanks, chemical weapons (poison gas and flame-throwers) and aircraft, including long-range strategic bombing

Question 42

central powers

Answer 42

Germany and Austria-Hungary

Question 43

triple alliance

Answer 43

Britain, France and Russia

Question 44

victory of the allies is due to

Answer 44

greater success linked to their democratic systems, in mobilizing manpower and equipment, by their earlier and more effective use of mechanized warfare, and by the entry of the USA ultimately.

Question 45

main causes that have been linked to outbreak of wwi

Answer 45

german problem, eastern problem, imperialism and nationalism

Question 46

describe the german problem (one of the main causes linked to ww1)

Answer 46

according to realist theories, the pursuit of national interest is constrained by a balance in power but there was an imbalance in Europe caused by the emergence of a dominant power in central europe - Germany - which had encouraged Germany's bid for power reflected in its desire for colonies and in growing strategic and military rivalry with Britain. alternative interpretation locates the source of german expansionism in the nature of its imperial regime and ambitions of its political and military elites

Question 47

describe the eastern problem

Answer 47

the structural instabilities of the Balkans region. These instabilities resulted from a power vacuum which occurred through the territorial and political decline of the Ottoman Empire. the Balkans (a region consisting of a complex pattern of ethnic and religious groupings) were increasingly animated by nationalist aspirations and sparked the expansionist ambitions of two of Europe’s traditional great powers, Russia and Austria-Hungary. For this, the assassination of the Austrian archduke may have remained a localized incident. As it was, it led to war between Russia and Austria- Hungary, which turned into a continent-wide war & eventually a world war.

Question 48

uncritical and unreasoned dedication to a cause of group, typically based on a belief in its superiority

Answer 48

chauvinism

Question 49

a war meant to end all wars

Answer 49

world war 1

Question 50

world's biggest military confrontation

Answer 50

world war 2

Question 51

main factors associated with the outbreak

Answer 51

the ww1 peace settlements, global economic crisis, japanese expansionism in asia

Question 52

compensation after a war involving financial or physical requisition of goods as punishment or reward

Answer 52

reparations

Question 53

economic self sufficiency often associated with expansionism and conquest to ensure the control of economic resources and reduce economic dependency on other states.

Answer 53

autarky

Question 54

military and political alliance of japan, germany and italy

Answer 54

anti comintern pact and later on the pact of steel in 1939 and tripartite pact in 1940