MAKING OF THE MODERN WORLD (GINGO) Flashcards

(54 cards)

1
Q

three approaches to history

A

realist, liberal, critical views

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2
Q

approach to history that says it repeats itself

A

realist view

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3
Q

characterized by a belief in progress; utopian dimension; perpetual peace

A

liberal view

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4
Q

developed out of Marxism; primary driving forces in history are material or economic factors; from one mode of production to next

A

critical view

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5
Q

located between rivers Tigris and Euphrates; cradle of civilization

A

mesopotamia

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6
Q

3 major civilizations

A

sumerian, babylonian, assyrian

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7
Q

only ended with the rise of roman empire

A

ancient egypt

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8
Q

allowed for permanent settlement and the emergence of urban life

A

agriculture

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9
Q

2 features of early civilizations

A

agriculture, and development of writing

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10
Q

establishment of shang dynasty to emergence of bronze age

A

chinese civilization

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11
Q

earliest civilization in south asia; now Pakistan

A

Indus River valley

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12
Q

began with the birth of golden age of classical hindu culture; 500 BCE

A

ancient india

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13
Q

emergence of various civilizations in the area of mediterranean sea; dating from 1000 BCE

A

classical antiquity

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14
Q

growth of etruscan culture and spread of phoenician maritime trading

A

classical antiquity

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15
Q

emergence of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome

A

classical antiquity

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16
Q

foundational culture of western civilizations

A

ancient greece

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17
Q

formed colonies in asia minor and southern parts of balkans

A

ancient greece

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18
Q

ancient rome flourished once the roman monarch was thrown when?

A

509 BCE

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19
Q

created an oligarchic republic that developed into a vast empire

A

ancient rome

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20
Q

extended from the eastern Mediterranean across north africa and most of EU

A

ancient rome

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21
Q

why did the classical world descended into crisis?

A

it is caused by the eruption of mounted nomadic people into the great descent of ancient civilizations ushering in the dark ages

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22
Q

the most significant primitive nomadic people who emerged from depths of Asia to create an empire

23
Q

refers to the cultural and philosophical inheritance of europe; fashioned during cold war meant as the us dominated capitalist bloc

24
Q

process through which societies become developed

A

modernization

25
the economic motivation to discover the new world
desire to find a direct route to india and the far east in order to obtain spices
26
rise of the west in political terms
establishment of sovereign states through the peace of westphalia (1648) whch brought end to thirty years war
27
socioeconomic dimension of the rise of the west
breakdown of feudalism
28
system of agrarian-based production characterized by fixed social hierarchies
Feudalism
29
rise of the west in cultural terms
fostered by renaissance
30
cultural movement inspired by revived interest in classicla Greece and Rome
renaissance
31
intellectual movement that challenged traditional beliefs
enlightenment
32
the policy of extending the power or rule of the state beyond its boundaries, typically through the establishment of an empire.
imperialism
33
traditional form of imperialism
establishment of formal political domination or colonialism and reflects the expansion of state power through a process of conquest and settlement.
34
modern form of imperialism
economic domination without the establishment of political control or what is called neo-colonialism.
35
a period of peace and prosperity in Europe and was seen as a golden age.
belle epoque
36
why did the period of belle epoque end?
due to the outbreak of world war I
37
involving all aspects of society, including large-scale conscription, the gearing of the economy to military ends, and the aim of achieving unconditional surrender through the mass destruction of enemy targets, civilian and military.
total war
38
fighting extended beyond Europe into the Middle East through the involvement of Turkey; recruitment of armies from across the empires of Europe and the participation of the USA.
world war
39
a structure of domination in which diverse cultures, ethnic groups or nationalities are subject to a single source of authority.
empire
40
first modern war
world war i
41
why is wwi the first modern war?
witnessed the earliest use of tanks, chemical weapons (poison gas and flame-throwers) and aircraft, including long-range strategic bombing
42
central powers
Germany and Austria-Hungary
43
triple alliance
Britain, France and Russia
44
victory of the allies is due to
greater success linked to their democratic systems, in mobilizing manpower and equipment, by their earlier and more effective use of mechanized warfare, and by the entry of the USA ultimately.
45
main causes that have been linked to outbreak of wwi
german problem, eastern problem, imperialism and nationalism
46
describe the german problem (one of the main causes linked to ww1)
according to realist theories, the pursuit of national interest is constrained by a balance in power but there was an imbalance in Europe caused by the emergence of a dominant power in central europe - Germany - which had encouraged Germany's bid for power reflected in its desire for colonies and in growing strategic and military rivalry with Britain. alternative interpretation locates the source of german expansionism in the nature of its imperial regime and ambitions of its political and military elites
47
describe the eastern problem
the structural instabilities of the Balkans region. These instabilities resulted from a power vacuum which occurred through the territorial and political decline of the Ottoman Empire. the Balkans (a region consisting of a complex pattern of ethnic and religious groupings) were increasingly animated by nationalist aspirations and sparked the expansionist ambitions of two of Europe’s traditional great powers, Russia and Austria-Hungary. For this, the assassination of the Austrian archduke may have remained a localized incident. As it was, it led to war between Russia and Austria- Hungary, which turned into a continent-wide war & eventually a world war.
48
uncritical and unreasoned dedication to a cause of group, typically based on a belief in its superiority
chauvinism
49
a war meant to end all wars
world war 1
50
world's biggest military confrontation
world war 2
51
main factors associated with the outbreak
the ww1 peace settlements, global economic crisis, japanese expansionism in asia
52
compensation after a war involving financial or physical requisition of goods as punishment or reward
reparations
53
economic self sufficiency often associated with expansionism and conquest to ensure the control of economic resources and reduce economic dependency on other states.
autarky
54
military and political alliance of japan, germany and italy
anti comintern pact and later on the pact of steel in 1939 and tripartite pact in 1940