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PS 180 > MAKING OF THE MODERN WORLD (GINGO) > Flashcards

MAKING OF THE MODERN WORLD (GINGO) Flashcards

1
Q

three approaches to history

A

realist, liberal, critical views

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2
Q

approach to history that says it repeats itself

A

realist view

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3
Q

characterized by a belief in progress; utopian dimension; perpetual peace

A

liberal view

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4
Q

developed out of Marxism; primary driving forces in history are material or economic factors; from one mode of production to next

A

critical view

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5
Q

located between rivers Tigris and Euphrates; cradle of civilization

A

mesopotamia

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6
Q

3 major civilizations

A

sumerian, babylonian, assyrian

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7
Q

only ended with the rise of roman empire

A

ancient egypt

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8
Q

allowed for permanent settlement and the emergence of urban life

A

agriculture

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9
Q

2 features of early civilizations

A

agriculture, and development of writing

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10
Q

establishment of shang dynasty to emergence of bronze age

A

chinese civilization

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11
Q

earliest civilization in south asia; now Pakistan

A

Indus River valley

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12
Q

began with the birth of golden age of classical hindu culture; 500 BCE

A

ancient india

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13
Q

emergence of various civilizations in the area of mediterranean sea; dating from 1000 BCE

A

classical antiquity

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14
Q

growth of etruscan culture and spread of phoenician maritime trading

A

classical antiquity

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15
Q

emergence of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome

A

classical antiquity

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16
Q

foundational culture of western civilizations

A

ancient greece

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17
Q

formed colonies in asia minor and southern parts of balkans

A

ancient greece

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18
Q

ancient rome flourished once the roman monarch was thrown when?

A

509 BCE

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19
Q

created an oligarchic republic that developed into a vast empire

A

ancient rome

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20
Q

extended from the eastern Mediterranean across north africa and most of EU

A

ancient rome

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21
Q

why did the classical world descended into crisis?

A

it is caused by the eruption of mounted nomadic people into the great descent of ancient civilizations ushering in the dark ages

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22
Q

the most significant primitive nomadic people who emerged from depths of Asia to create an empire

A

the mongols

23
Q

refers to the cultural and philosophical inheritance of europe; fashioned during cold war meant as the us dominated capitalist bloc

A

the west

24
Q

process through which societies become developed

A

modernization

25
Q

the economic motivation to discover the new world

A

desire to find a direct route to india and the far east in order to obtain spices

26
Q

rise of the west in political terms

A

establishment of sovereign states through the peace of westphalia (1648) whch brought end to thirty years war

27
Q

socioeconomic dimension of the rise of the west

A

breakdown of feudalism

28
Q

system of agrarian-based production characterized by fixed social hierarchies

A

Feudalism

29
Q

rise of the west in cultural terms

A

fostered by renaissance

30
Q

cultural movement inspired by revived interest in classicla Greece and Rome

A

renaissance

31
Q

intellectual movement that challenged traditional beliefs

A

enlightenment

32
Q

the policy of extending the power or rule of the state beyond its
boundaries, typically through the establishment of an empire.

A

imperialism

33
Q

traditional form of imperialism

A

establishment of formal political domination or colonialism
and reflects the expansion of state power through a process of conquest and settlement.

34
Q

modern form of imperialism

A

economic domination without the establishment of
political control or what is called neo-colonialism.

35
Q

a period of peace and
prosperity in Europe and was seen as a golden age.

A

belle epoque

36
Q

why did the period of belle epoque end?

A

due to the outbreak of world war I

37
Q

involving all aspects of society, including large-scale conscription, the gearing of the economy to military ends, and the aim of achieving unconditional
surrender through the mass destruction of enemy targets, civilian and military.

A

total war

38
Q

fighting extended beyond Europe into the Middle East through the involvement of Turkey; recruitment of armies from across the empires of Europe and the participation of the USA.

A

world war

39
Q

a structure of domination in which diverse cultures, ethnic groups or
nationalities are subject to a single source of authority.

A

empire

40
Q

first modern war

A

world war i

41
Q

why is wwi the first modern war?

A

witnessed the earliest use of tanks, chemical weapons (poison gas and flame-throwers) and
aircraft, including long-range strategic bombing

42
Q

central powers

A

Germany and Austria-Hungary

43
Q

triple alliance

A

Britain, France and Russia

44
Q

victory of the allies is due to

A

greater success linked to their democratic systems, in mobilizing manpower and equipment, by their earlier and more effective use of mechanized warfare, and by the entry of the USA ultimately.

45
Q

main causes that have been linked to outbreak of wwi

A

german problem, eastern problem, imperialism and nationalism

46
Q

describe the german problem (one of the main causes linked to ww1)

A

according to realist theories, the pursuit of national interest is constrained by a balance in power but there was an imbalance in Europe caused by the emergence of a dominant power in central europe - Germany - which had encouraged Germany’s bid for power reflected in its desire for colonies and in growing strategic and military rivalry with Britain.

alternative interpretation locates the source of german expansionism in the nature of its imperial regime and ambitions of its political and military elites

47
Q

describe the eastern problem

A

the structural instabilities of the Balkans region. These
instabilities resulted from a power vacuum which occurred through the territorial and political decline of the Ottoman Empire. the Balkans (a region consisting of a complex pattern of ethnic and religious groupings) were increasingly animated by nationalist aspirations and sparked the expansionist ambitions of two of Europe’s traditional great powers, Russia and Austria-Hungary. For this, the assassination of the Austrian archduke may have remained a localized incident. As it was, it led to war between Russia and Austria- Hungary, which turned into a continent-wide war & eventually a world war.

48
Q

uncritical and unreasoned dedication to a cause of group, typically based
on a belief in its superiority

A

chauvinism

49
Q

a war meant to end all wars

A

world war 1

50
Q

world’s biggest military confrontation

A

world war 2

51
Q

main factors associated with the outbreak

A

the ww1 peace settlements, global economic crisis, japanese expansionism in asia

52
Q

compensation after a war involving financial or physical requisition of goods as punishment or reward

A

reparations

53
Q

economic self sufficiency often associated with expansionism
and conquest to ensure the control of economic resources and reduce
economic dependency on other states.

A

autarky

54
Q

military and political alliance of japan, germany and italy

A

anti comintern pact and later on the pact of steel in 1939 and tripartite pact in 1940

PS 180 (2 decks)

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