[5] Marxist theories of international relations

Question 1

centered on the ongoing struggle
between various groups, primarily divided by class differences
in wealth and power

Answer 1

marxism

Question 2

inequality sparks conflict between the ruling
class (bourgeoisie) and the working class (proletariat)

Answer 2

marxism

Question 2

advocate for collective ownership of resources and production means to achieve fairness and justice in society

Answer 2

marxism

Question 3

Two reasons why this renaissance of marxism is occurring

Answer 3

(1) The Communist Experiment in the Soviet Union had become a major embarrassment
(2) Marx’s social theory retains a formidable analytical purchase on the world we inhabit.

Question 4

how did the Communist Experiment in the Soviet Union had become a major embarrassment? atleast one reason

Answer 4

• Due to Stalinist atrocities
• Existing socialism didn’t meet communist ideal
• Prompting Marxists to criticize USSR
• Reevaluate Marx’s work detached from Marxism-Leninism’s state ideology esp vanguard party (professional revolutionaries leading the working class in the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of socialism) and command economy (dictatorship of the proletariat)

Question 5

in what does marx’s social theory retains a formidable analytical purchase on the world we inhabit.

Answer 5

• capitalism’s dynamics and contradictions are valuable
• acknowledges the system’s vulnerabilities including understanding of crises and instability
• Unique perspective on international relations
• Marxist theories aim to uncover deeper, hidden truths underlying world politics

Question 6

who said “Imperialism, the
Highest Stage of Capitalism” (1917).

Answer 6

Lenin

Question 7

who said ‘the history of all hitherto existing
societies is the history of class struggle’

Answer 7

marx in communist manifesto

Question 8

Essential Elements of Marxist Theories of World Politics

Answer 8

1. social world should be analyzed as a totality
2. The materialistic conception of history
3. class

Question 9

who said countries in the
periphery were suffering as a result of what called, ‘the
declining terms of trade’

Answer 9

Raul Prebisch

Question 10

with whom world systems theory is associated

Answer 10

immanuel wallerstein

Question 11

views global history as characterized by the rise and fall of various world systems.

Answer 11

world systems theory

Question 12

‘A system of production for sale in a market for profit and appropriation of this
profit on the basis of individual or collective ownership’.

Answer 12

capitalism

Question 13

who said “a period of crisis also presents an opportunity for change.”

Answer 13

immanuel wallerstein

Question 14

social institutions are constantly created and recreated.

Answer 14

world systems theory

Question 15

have life cycles: beginnings, middles, and ends

Answer 15

world systems

Question 16

who said “Women were the last colony”

Answer 16

maria mies

Question 17

feminist marxist who argued that women play a central role in
the maintenance of capitalist relations.

Answer 17

maria mies

Question 18

“Most creative Marxist thinker”

Answer 18

antonio gramsci

Question 19

Intellectual legacy was his Prison Notebooks (1971)

Answer 19

antonio gramsci

Question 20

Concept of hegemony of Gramsci

Answer 20

his conceptualization of power: using a mixture of coercion and consent

Question 21

gramscian approach

Answer 21

a critique of prevailing theories of international relations and international political economy, and the development of an alternative framework for the analysis of world politics.

Question 22

developed gramscian approach

Answer 22

robert cox

Question 23

Why has it proven to be so difficult to promote revolution in Western Europe?

Answer 23

• ruling class shaping the beliefs
• historic bloc
• requires contesting the dominant position of the ruling class
• struggle to weaken the existing hegemony, allowing for the rise of an alternative historical bloc

Question 24

who said “Theory is always for someone, and for some purpose”

Answer 24

robert cox

Question 25

key figures of frankfurt school (give atleast one)

Answer 25

Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, and Herbert Marcuse, Jürgen Habermas.

Question 26

Challenging problem-solving theory through analysis and supporting emancipatory change

Answer 26

critical theory

Question 27

key for liberation, understanding system stability and transformation

Answer 27

theory

Question 28

Hinders peripheral regions’ eco-social development

Answer 28

free trade

Question 29

emphasizes international political economy

Answer 29

gramscian

Question 30

emphasizes international society, ethics, security, and critical security studies

Answer 30

critical theorists

Question 31

introduce innovative analyses of the media and the term ‘culture industry’

Answer 31

frankfurt school

Question 32

Focusing less on economic analyses and more on cultural, bureaucratic, and philosophical inquiries

Answer 32

frankfurt school

Question 33

Critical theory was developed

Answer 33

frankfurt school

Question 34

doubted the contemporary proletariat’s potential for transformative emancipation

Answer 34

Herbert Marcuse

Question 35

mass culture and commodification have assimilated the working class into the system, nullifying its threat making it a one dimensional society where alternatives are hard to come by

Answer 35

Herbert Marcuse

Question 36

advocate for a scenario where citizens have equal responsibilities towards non-citizens; necessitates substantial governance reforms

Answer 36

andrew linklater

Question 37

views the European Union’s evolution as progressive suggesting a shift away from exclusive state authority over citizens.

Answer 37

andrew linklater

Question 38

argues that realist attempts to portray international systems as autonomous fail because the external autonomy was based on the character of internal social relations, which differed in each case

Answer 38

Justin Rosenberg

Question 39

Criticizes ‘globalization theory ‘for lacking explanations and predictive ability

Answer 39

Justin Rosenberg

Question 40

rosenberg’s ‘gigantic optical illusion’

Answer 40

similarity between the Greek and Italian city-states eras

Question 41

advocate for a fairer, more compassionate global society, challenging the belief that a global market system is the only option

Answer 41

marxism/marxists