Making of the Modern World

Question 1

Give brief overview and history of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 1

-A Fundamental change in the way goods were processed and manufactured
-Started in late 18th Century in Britain
-People invented machines to make spinning cotton easier
-Someone came up with the idea to use one power source like waterwheels to power multiple machines creating the workspace: factory
-Factories outpaced Cottage Industries so people moved to factories
-Coal steam engines were refined and used as an effective power source. improving industrial development

Question 2

What is a Cottage Industry

Answer 2

A type of industry that consisted of people who mostly worked in their own homes. After the Industrial Revolution, Cottage Industries were outpaced by factories

Question 3

Ways Britain’s geography contributed to Industrial Revolution

Answer 3

• Britain is an island. So it is insulated from war and can focus on development
• Because island it also has many ports from which it can trade

Question 4

How did the Industrial Revolution affect work conditions and society

Answer 4

Since factories were outpacing cottage industries, many people moved into cities.
- Families send kids to factories so they can get money
- Cities get crowded
- Workers are in extremely dangerous conditions
- Workers have virtually no rights or freedoms
- This caused widespread crime and the creation of socialism

Question 5

What is Imperialism and where did Modern European Imperialism start?

Answer 5

Imperialism is the concept or attitude of making an empire by extending the Imperialist’s power over foreign territories generally through conquest or economic dominion. Modern European Imperialism started in the 16th Century when Spain and Portugal started seeking new colonies

Question 6

Who is Karl Marx

Answer 6

1818 - 1883
Father of Socialism. Advocated for socialism, believed capitalism created inequality

Question 7

Who is Charles Darwin

Answer 7

1809 - 1882.
Naturalist. Believed in evolution

Question 8

What is Social Darwinism?

Answer 8

The application of evolution and natural selection to human cultures.
It believed that certain races evolved to be naturally inferior or superior.
Pseudo - Scientific ideology used to justify imperialism

Question 9

What is the Transatlantic Slave Trade and When Did it take place?

Answer 9

A global trading operation from the 16 - 19 Centuries that involved the shipment of Africans to America as slaves

Question 10

Describe the Triangular Trade Route and the Middle Passage

Answer 10

The Triangular Trade Route was a trading route going from Europe - Africa - Americas and back
- Manufactured goods (such as guns and textiles) were shipped from Europe to Africa
- Slaves were shipped from Africa to America, this stage was called the ‘Middle Passage’
- Raw goods (such as sugar, tobacco and cotton) were shipped from America to Europe so industries can manufacture them

Question 11

Why did Europeans start Slavery?

Answer 11

Europe having Industrial Revolution, needs resources to fuel industry
- Resources like sugar, cotten and tobacco found in America
-Europe needed labour to harvest these raw goods
- Europe decided to use slavery as it was cheap (you don’t have to pay slaves and since they were considered expendable, you didn’t have to take care of them either)

Question 11

What were the major European powers in this time period (Age of Discovery and Slave Trade)

Answer 11

Britain, The Netherlands, Spain, Portugal and France

Question 11

What was the Zong Massacre?

Answer 11

A deliberate massacre of slaves so the Captain of a ship called the Zong could collect insurance money on them when he realised he couldn’t keep the slaves alive

Question 12

Why were convicts shipped to Australia?

Answer 12

Workers in the Post-Industrial Revolution had very little rights or wages
People turned to crime in order to live
Prisons started filling up with people
America become independent so Britain couldn’t send prisoners there
Instead Britain decided to send convicts to Australia

Question 13

Conditions on convict ships

Answer 13

• Crowded
• Excessive Punishments
• Diseases like Typhoid, cholera, pnewmonia and scurvy were common
• Treatment of convicts on subsequent fleets was worse than First Fleet as other convict fleets were run by Private operators who cut corners in the welfare of convicts

Question 14

Describe the Abolition Movement and When did it take place?

Answer 14

The Abolition Movement was a movement to abolish slavery between the 17th and 19th Centuries

Question 15

Describe the Queensland Slave Trade

Answer 15

An illegal slaving operation in the late 19th - late 20th Century involving the kidnapping of South Islander Peoples (Micronesia, Polynesia and Melanesia) for labour in Queensland’s sugar plantations.
The kidnapping of these people was called ‘Blackbirding’

Question 16

What is a Squatter?

Answer 16

Someone who has settled land outside of Government jurisdiction and had no legal titles. Squatters became powerful sheep and cattle farmers

Question 17

What are Selectors?

Answer 17

• Poor farmers couldn’t buy good land
• Law created so they could select and buy land from Squatters
  -Failed because squatters bought fake bidders who bought their land back.

Question 18

When were Convicts ane Free Settlers brought to Australia and when did Convict Transportation end?

Answer 18

-1788: Convicts arrive on First Fleet
- 1793: First free settlers arrive
- 1840: Convict Transportation ends

Question 19

When and where was the Australian Gold Rush?

Answer 19

1850s, gold found in Bathurst and parts of Victoria

Question 20

When was Australia Federated?

Answer 20

Jan 1 1901

Question 21

History of Immigration Restriction Act (White Australia Policy)

Answer 21

• 1901 IRA established. This law aimed to create a ‘white Australia’, allowing only white Europeans to enter Australia.
• 1958: Migration Act makes it easier to migrate to Australia, especially for non-Europeans
• 1975: Racial Discrimination Act is passed making it unlawful to discriminate based on race

Question 22

How did the Immigration Restriction Act exclude certain people?

Answer 22

A Dictation test. Write 50 word passage in euro language to pass

Question 23

When did James Cook chart and claim Australia (he charted and claimed the eastern coastline) ?

Answer 23

1770