Making Inferences: Confidence Limits and Statistical Significance Flashcards
the name given to the standard
deviation of the sampling distribution.
standard error
probability always goes from____
0 to 1
*that is if we carry out the same experiment over and
over again we will get slightly different results every
time.
The SE is the SD of that sample of scores.
An event which has a probability of____ will not happen.
zero
probability of a result occurring if
the null hypothesis is true, not the probability that the
null hypothesis is true.
Probability value
if we are
looking for a result in one direction only.
One tailed (or directional) hypothesis
An event which has a probability of ____ will happen, no
matter what.
1
______is counter-intuitive.
probability
It is ______ because we like to believe that we
know things rather than making probability statements
about them.
counter-intuitive
symbolized by H₁. The
hypothesis that claims the differences in results between
the conditions is due to the independent variable.
alternative hypothesis
value or cut-off we use
before we decide to reject the null hypothesis.
α (alpha – Greek Letter)
symbolized by Hₒ. Logical counterpart
to the alternative hypothesis. It either specifies that
there is no effect, or that there is real effect in the
direction opposite to that specified by the alternative
hypothesis.
null hypothesis
When the probability is found to be below 0.05 (or
whatever cut-off we are using) it is described as____
statistically significance
somewhat arbitrary, but is the
convention that is used throughout much of science.
0.05 (1 in 20 0r 5%) –
is deemed rare enough that we can trust it
but not so stringent that it is impossible to achieve.
one in 20