Making Good Progress Flashcards
When was the National Curriculum for England and Wales announced?
July 1987
What distinction does Dweck draw?
Between ‘fixed’ and ‘incremental’ views of intelligence
What is wrong with putting a level on a single piece of work?
levels are meant to be summaries of achievement across a Key Stage
Most school assessment systems rest upon what fallacy?
“… the best way to monitor progress is to judge how far the student falls short of the level of performance that will be expected at the end of the learning.”
“A………. o…………. c……… .”
Dylan Wiliam
Assessments operationalise constructs
make educational aims concrete & tangible
Feedback to comedian: ‘be funnier’.
Feedback is…
… accurate but not helpful (Wiliam)
How similar might lessons look to the final skill they are trying to instill?
Very different - the individual elements of learning may not resemble the finished product at all.
Describe a ‘summative assessment feedback model’
Lots of assessment of finished products / exam questions (not learning steps)
Useful non-whole task assessments?
... short answers ... multiple choice ... sequencing tasks ... spelling tests ... narrative descriptions of key events
Why is Claxton wrong?
Daisy says he advocates teaching pupils to develop ‘mental muscle groups’ (seems anti-metacognition to me…)
Generic ‘learning’ is not really a skill though???
What is the problem with generic ‘learning to learn’?
Learning is highly domain specific
Who was the 1940s chess researcher and what did he discover? (Not 70s S&C)
Adriaan de Groot - chess experts can recognize and recall actual chess game placements really well. They CANNOT recall randomly placed boards better than anyone else.
Posh word for mental models carried by experts in their heads?
schema
To improve our understanding of Shakespearean texts, we don’t need to … but we do need to …?
don’t need to improve the skill of analysis, but do need to improve our knowledge and understanding of those texts (including vocabulary and context)
What does K Anders Ericsson advocate?
Varied, deliberate practice over extended periods
What does Professor Robert Bjork say about short-term performance…?
Overlearning is valuable.
Short-term performance is often a really poor guide to long-term learning
The dominant generic-skill model of instruction is based on the flawed premise that…
… practising the final skill will improve the final skill
What is the ‘bottom set SIMPLE feedback’ problem?
Those who lack competence in a particular domain lack the ability to make judgements about their own performance
metacognition - the ability to tell the difference between competence and incompetence - is actually a feature of…
… developing competence
What is the best way to learn vocabulary?
carefully constructed sentence examples
books are the equivalent of full length football matches to practice heading = REDUNDANCY EFFECT
Why is the Dunning-Kruger effect relevant to assessment?
The Dunning-Kruger effect is a type of cognitive bias in which people believe that they are smarter and more capable than they really are. Essentially, low ability people do not possess the skills needed to recognize their own incompetence. The combination of poor self-awareness and low cognitive ability leads them to overestimate their own capabilities.1
The term lends a scientific name and explanation to a problem that many people immediately recognize—that fools are blind to their own foolishness. As Charles Darwin wrote in his book The Descent of Man, “Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge.”
The Dunning–Kruger effect is usually measured by comparing self-assessment with objective performance.
The Dunning–Kruger effect is usually explained in terms of meta-cognitive abilities. This approach is based on the idea that poor performers have not yet acquired the ability to distinguish between good and bad performances. They tend to overrate themselves because they do not see the qualitative difference between their performances and the performances of others.
David Dunning 1999 study Nationality American Education Michigan State University (BA) Stanford University (PhD) Occupation Psychologist, professor Known for Dunning-Kruger effect
