Make_It_Stick [X]

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

Acquiring knowledge and skills and having them readily available from memory so you can make sense of future problems and opportunities

Question 2

Learning is deeper and more durable when it is _________

Answer 2

Effortful

Question 3

Retrieval Practice

Answer 3

Recalling facts, concepts, or events from memory. Interrupts the process of forgetting.

Question 4

Mental Model

Answer 4

Mental representation of some external reality

Question 5

Interleaved Practice

Answer 5

Part of Optimal Practice. The process of practicing two or more subjects or skills. You don’t move from a complete practice set of one topic to another. You switch before each practice is complete.

Question 6

Varied Practice

Answer 6

Part of Optimal Practice. The process of practicing the same subject or skill in multiple different ways

Question 7

__________ by itself does not lead to long-term learning

Answer 7

Repetition

Question 8

_______ requires both the possession of ready knowledge and the conceptual understanding of how to us it.

Answer 8

Mastery

Question 9

Reflection

Answer 9

A form of Retrieval Practice; The process of summarizing subjects and skills you just learned. What happened? What did I do? How did it work out? What are the key ideas? What are some examples? What went well? What could have gone better?

Question 10

Generation

Answer 10

The act of trying to answer a question or attempt to solve a problem first rather than being presented with the information or solution

Question 11

Elaboration

Answer 11

A form of Retrieval Practice; Making new information more meaningful by connecting it to what you already know. How would I explain this in my own words to someone else?

Question 12

Spaced Practice

Answer 12

Part of Optimal Practice; The process of successively waiting after retrieval practice in order for the process of forgetting to take effect.

Question 13

Discrimination

Answer 13

The ability to identify the commonalities and differences between different skills. Developed via Interleaved practice.

Question 14

Implicit Memory

Answer 14

Automatic retrieval of past experience in interpreting a new one

Question 15

Desirable Difficulties

Answer 15

Difficulties that elicit more effort and that slows down learning (making it stick) but does not make the problem impossible to solve

Question 16

Encoding

Answer 16

Step 1 of Learning Process; The process of converting sensory perceptions into meaningful representations in the brain

Question 17

Memory Traces

Answer 17

New representations in the brain as a result of encoding

Question 18

Consolidation

Answer 18

Step 2 of Learning Process; The process of strengthening memory traces for long-term memory. Reorganization and stabilization of memory traces

Question 19

Learning Process

Answer 19

1. Encoding
2. Consolidation
3. Retrieval

Question 20

Reconsolidation

Answer 20

Retrieval after a lapse of some time, retrieving a memory from long-term storage thereby strengthening the memory trace and simultaneously make it modifiable again, enabling them to connect to more recent learning

Question 21

Retrieval

Answer 21

Step 3 in Learning Process; The act of being able to recall a specific memory or skill correctly when desired

Question 22

Transfer Learning

Answer 22

The ability to apply what you have learned in new settings

Question 23

Undesirable Difficulties

Answer 23

When a learner lacks the background knowledge or skills to respond to difficulties successfully. Impeding the process of learning.

Question 24

Induction

Answer 24

The action or process of bringing about or giving rise to additional concepts

Question 25

Active Learning

Answer 25

Engaging with the material in a meaningful way, such as by discussing it with others, applying it to real-world problems, or creating something new based on what you have learned.

Question 26

Metacognition

Answer 26

The ability to think about one’s own thinking. Process of monitoring and evaluating one’s own cognitive process. Ability to plan and regulate our learning.

Question 27

System 1 Thinking

Answer 27

Automatic thinking; Unconscious, intuitive, and immediate

Question 28

System 2 Thinking

Answer 28

Controlled thinking; Is our slower process of conscious analysis and reasoning. Self-control.

Question 29

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 29

Ability to reason, solve problems, and learn new information quickly and independently of your prior knowledge (Crystallized Intelligence)

Question 30

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 30

One’s accumulated knowledge of the world and procedures of mental models one has to developed from past learning and experiences

Question 31

Dynamic Testing

Answer 31

Determining the state of one’s experience; refocusing learning on areas of low performance; follow-up testing to measure the improvement and to refocus learning so as to keep raising expertise

Question 32

Structure Building

Answer 32

The act, as we encounter new material, of extracting the salient ideas and constructing a coherent mental framework out of them (mental models or mental maps)

Question 33

Growth Mindset

Answer 33

Cognitive Multiplier Strategy; The belief that your intelligence and abilities can be developed through hard work and dedication. Your learning potential is unlimited and you can achieve anything you set your mind to

Question 34

Deliberate Practice

Answer 34

Cognitive Multiplier Strategy; A type of practice that is purposeful, systematic, and challenging. Designed to help you improve your skills and performance in a specific area.

Question 35

Learning Goals

Answer 35

Goals where you are striving to acquire new knowledge or skills rather than to validate your existing ability (performance goals)

Question 36

3 Traits of Mastery

Answer 36

1. Self-Discipline
2. Grit
3. Persistence

Question 37

Calibration

Answer 37

The act of aligning your judgements of what you know and don’t know with objective feedback (testing) so as to avoid being carried off by the illusions of mastery that catch many learners by surprise at test time

Question 38

Free Recall

Answer 38

Recall Practice; Activity of writing down everything you can remember on a sheet of paper during a 10 minute timer.

Question 39

Summary Sheet

Answer 39

A single document/PDF that full encapsulates a module/chapter of learning