make up exam- concepts and connections Flashcards
what is entitlement?
a
what is the american dream?
a
what is american exceptionalism?
a
What is bullshit?
a
what is class?
social relationships that are understood by participants to be hierachal on the basis of socioeconomic group membership, reinforced by major institutions and recurrent over time.
what is collectivism?
a
What is consecration?
a
What is contradiction management?
a
What is cultural capital?
a
what is cultural egalitarianism?
a
What is distinction?
a
What is ease?
a
What is embodiment?
a
what is entitlement?
a
what is the gilded age?
a
What is hazing?
a
What is hierarchy?
a
What is highbrow and low brow?
a
what is human capital?
a
what is inequality?
aa
What is intimacy?
a
what is meritocracy?
a
What is the naturalization of social outcomes?
a
what is the noblesse oblige? pg 33
a
What is omnivorousness?
a
what is opting out?
a
What is privilage?
a
what is race
a
what is residual segregation?
a
what is rituals?
a
what is slumming?
a
what is social capital?
a
what is status?
a
what is taste?
a
What is intelligence?
Is it a thing at all? the original designers of intelligence testing were trying to prove that whites were smarter than non whites.
What is eminence?
indicates inherent talent. Talent was lumped in families. innate ability.
What is g?
general intelligence. Statistical technique.
What is the social construction of reality?
the historical process by which our experiences become put into categories and treated as things. People deal with experiences in terms of categories and then act on the basis of these categories.
What are Anglo- European Societies?
Societies in Europe or former european settler colonies such as the US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. tRoy explores the realities that these societies take for granted. Time, space, race, gender and class.
What is the essentialist perspective?
Common sense anglo-european socielies take this perspective. They assume everything we see and touch is a manifestation of a deeper essence.
Every chair embodies “chairness. If it has never been sat on is it a chair?
Essence serves as an explanation.
The nature of maleness and womaness.
what is the constructionist perspective?
It assumes that reality is created by society. there is no chairness or womaness outside of what society has defined it as.
What is the Thomas Principle?
If people define a situation as real , then they are real in their consequences.
Logic of how categories are constructed?
Formal characteristics of how categories relate to each other. Some categories are treated as exclusive from each other with no overlap: gender. or categories can overlap. Teachers and students are teaching assistants.
What is a bounded category?
Distinct rigid boundaries. race
What are real families?
Anglo-European
Those that recieve benefits. Raises children, male female, monogomous
what does reification mean?
reification is a process where something becomes factual. make it a real thing. things become real through the process of reification.
.What is institutionalization?
goes beyond reification. Institutions integrated reified patterns into activities and categories.
What is path dependance?
the tendency for innovations once they are institutionalized to reproduce the same patterns over time. Each generation travels the social path of previous generations. It explains inequality!
What are institutions?
groups of orginizations, catergories and ways of doing things that do something important in society. some institutions have more power than others. an example is education
What is power?
Tha ability of some acotrs to influence the behaviour of others from persuasion, coercion, to authority.
What is Dominant Institution?
Institutions in a society with the most power and influence. Affects other institutions and peoples lives.
What is contestation?
people and groups actively contend against each other over defintions of reality and the consequenses of those definitions. Minorities have contested standardized tests such as SAT. This is culturally biassed.
What is intersection?
refers to how to social dynamic of one sphere affects another. Time and space interpenetrate and shape race, gender, and class. Cannot be treated apart.
What are infrastructures of hierarchies?
time and space can be infrastructures of hierarchies. medium through which social relations occur. A neighborhood may be white or black but a person does not become white or black by living in the neighborhood. Spacial organization of race has its consequenses.
What is mystification of domination?
Time and space surrogate types of domination that are more fundamentally hiararchies of race, gender and class. Domination can be mystified as mere time and space relations.
Example selling time: labour
Relationship is hierarchical.
What is construction of hierarchy?
time and space not only affect race, gender and class relations but also are a part of what those categories actually mean to society.To be masculine means to control space.
What is reflexive?
They explain each other. need of organizing activities has stimulated the development of abstract markers eventually creating calenders and clocks.
What is calendrical contrast?
symbolic boundry is created between groups by use of a distinctive calender. calenders denote social boundries, linking people within a group and distinguishing them from others.
Christians made the seventh day the holy day to distinguish from jews.
What is the Third bell?
bells in monasteries took on the connotation of time. Third bell meant three o clock eventually
“Time is money”
incomprehensible to some cultures. Our language is full of metaphors that link time to money. spend it, waste it, invent it, sell it
what is “us-ness”
classes become distinctions. They divide us from them.
socioeconomic group
catergory of people defined by their social and economic atributes. ex. doctors, poor people, yuppies.
what i relationship to institution?
title he or she occupies in organization, the connections to other people and the rights and privileges and responsibilities that come from the position.
rank society
not fully a class society. some positions have higher status and authority but not any material advantage. usually with strong norms against material gain. stonehenge. in englant
Economic surplus
people must produce more food, clothing and necessaties than they consume.
What is feudilism?
set of economic and social relations that proceded capitalism in europe. complicated system with many varieties across europe. Two classes. nobility and peasants.
moral economy
prices set by standards of morality and not the market.
